Extensive studies have reported cognitive abnormalities in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Another line of evidence suggests that stress also affects cognitive functions. In this study, we investigated whether there were associations between stress hormones and cognitive functions in ASD and typically developing (TD) children. Cognitive functions in ASD and...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a mental condition, present from early childhood, characterized by great difficulty in communicating and forming relationships with others and using language. In the last four decades many studies have shown that immune responses in different regions of brain play an important role in ASD pathogenicity. A conservative estimate based on the research suggests tha...

Several studies support currently the hypothesis that autism etiology is based on a polygenic and epistatic model. However, despite advances in epidemiological, molecular and clinical genetics, the genetic risk factors remain difficult to identify, with the exception of a few chromosomal disorders and several single gene disorders associated with an increased risk for autism. Furthermore, sever...

Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) is an expressive receptive method of communication that helps in developing language skills for people with speech and/or impairment. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) children who lack can improve functional by personalizing AAC intervention. This paper based on literature to promote interventions enhance English acquisition autism disorder childr...

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common known genetic cause of autism spectrum disorder, and is also linked to other neurologic and psychiatric disorders. The purpose of this review article is to examine a variety of recent studies on the correlation between physical exercise and autistic behavior in individuals with fragile X syndrome. Additionally, we discuss promising approaches for furt...

Introduction ASD is a heterogeneous group of pathological conditions. Objectives Sensory Functions in Children with Autism Methods A brief review scientific publications presented, formed by the search result for keywords: autism spectrum disorders, artificial intelligence, machine learning. Results Patients respond to sensory information hyper-reactively and hypo-reactively. Patients, regardle...

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) often experience a low Quality of Life (QoL). We studied if IQ, early language development, current autism traits, and daily Executive Functions (EFs) are related to QoL in children (aged 8-12 years) with ASD (N = 120) and typically developing (TD) children (N = 76). Children with ASD showed a lower QoL than TD children. This lower QoL was related ...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication and the presence of limited, repetitive and stereotyped interests and behavior. Bowel symptoms are frequently reported in children with ASD and a potential role for gastrointestinal disturbances in ASD has been suggested. This review focuses on the im...

Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha gene (RORa) and the microRNA MIR137 have both recently been identified as novel candidate genes for neuropsychiatric disorders. RORa encodes a ligand-dependent orphan nuclear receptor that acts as a transcriptional regulator and miR-137 is a brain enriched small non-coding RNA that interacts with gene transcripts to control protein levels. Given the m...

1.1 Diagnosis of ASD Autism (also known as classic autism or autism disorder) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Typically diagnosed before three years old, autistic children usually present with significant language delays, social and communication impairments, as well as abnormal repetitive and restrictive behaviors. Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) however, refers to a boarder definitio...