The determination of the percentage of CO(2) in the alveolar air, by the method of Haldane and Priestley, is sufficiently accurate for clinical purposes when the individual is at rest. It is evident, however, that an error may arise in the determination of the percentage of CO(2) in the alveolar air, due to the time during the forced expiration, short of the extreme limit, at which the sample m...

Following the rapid economic growth after World War II, diseases associated with environmental pollution frequently occurred due to delayed implementation of countermeasures against environmental pollution. These diseases are exemplified by Minamata disease, Itai-itai disease, chronic arsenic poisoning, and Yokkaichi asthma. After multiple episodes of these pollution-related diseases were exper...

Cerebral Arterial Gas Embolism (CAGE) is a serious condition, which tends to occur as an iatrogenic complication of numerous invasive medical and surgical procedures performed in esthesia intensive care

Exposure to airborne pollution has substantial adverse health consequences. A recent World Health Organization (WHO) study has estimated that urban air pollution accounts for 6.4 million years of life lost worldwide annually (Cohen et al. 2004). Many harmful pollutants are emitted by automobiles. For example, Currie and Walker (2011) estimate that prenatal exposure to traffic congestion alone r...

When ventilating an unintubated patient with a self-inflating bag, high peak inspiratory flow rates may result in high peak airway pressure with subsequent stomach inflation; this may occur frequently when rescuers without daily experience in bag-valve-mask ventilation need to perform advanced airway management. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a newly developed self-infla...

The defrosting performance of automotive air conditioners plays an important role in driving safety. This paper uses CFD to simulate the internal flow field automobile numerically. Simulation results show that distribution is unreasonable. horizontal grilles are added at outlets improve automobile. Air-flow jet angle and length conditioning (L1, L2) selected as design variables based on radial ...

In many people’s minds air pollution is associated with the contamination of urban air from automobile exhausts and industrial effluents. However, in developing countries, the problem of indoor air pollution far outweighs the ambient air pollution. There are four principal sources of pollutants of indoor air : (i) combustion, (ii) building material, (iii) the ground under the building, and (iv)...

Analyses of wind velocity and air pressure data, acquired by a set of lowlevel anemometers at Sydney Airport, Australia, indicate the passage of a set of three remarkably smooth atmospheric boundary-layer oscillations that travelled ahead of a thunderstorm on 27 December 1991. The oscillations were probably generated by a nearby thunderstorm out ow, propagating into a stably strati ed atmospher...

This study presents the first long term (10-year period, 2004-2013) datasets of PM2.5-bound nickel (Ni) concentration obtained from the daily sample in urban of Xi'an, Northwestern China. The Ni concentration trend, pollution sources, and the potential health risks associated to Ni were investigated. The Ni concentrations increased from 2004 to 2008, but then decreased due to coal consumption r...