BACKGROUND The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine, which is used for the prevention of tuberculosis, is considered protective against the severe forms of childhood tuberculosis. However, some serious adverse reactions including osteitis of the long bones can occur. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of an 18-month-old Sudanese girl who presented at the age of 3 months with swelling of her left ...

The antigenic proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) have been defined. We used synthetic peptides of secreted antigens, early secreted antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and cultural filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10), of Mtb and characterized the immune response in context of HLA genes. Humanized mice lacking endogenous class II molecules but expressing various human DR and DQ HLA transgenes singly ...

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination for protection against tuberculosis has been in use for long. Although the vaccine is safe, its administration can result in complications such as BCG adenitis. We report here a series of children with BCG adenitis with a view to recognise and manage this condition. It is hoped that this case series would encourage the increased identification of this c...

The protective effects of the tuberculosis vaccine Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) on unrelated infections are thought to be mediated by long-term metabolic changes and chromatin remodeling through histone modifications in innate immune cells such as monocytes, a process termed trained immunity. Here, we show that BCG induction of trained immunity in monocytes is accompanied by a strong increase...

Tuberculosis, mainly caused by the pathogenic bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains an inestimable public health problem, despite the established use of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, multidrug therapy and the existence of global tuberculosis control programmes. Statistics show that nearly 2 billion people (approximately one-third of the world's population) are infected wit...