Two extracts of different collections of the traditional medicine uña de gato (Uncaria tomentosa) from Peru were characterized by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography as containing approximately 6 mg/g total oxindole content prior to studies with alveolar macrophages. The plant preparations greatly stimulated IL-1 and IL-6 production by rat macrophages in a dose dependent manner in the range of ...

The successful development of a mucosal vaccine depends critically on the use of a safe and effective immunostimulant and/or carrier system. This review describes the effectiveness and mode of action of an immunostimulating particle, derived from bacteria, used in mucosal subunit vaccines. The non-living particles, designated bacterium-like particles are based on the food-grade bacterium Lactoc...

Dewa mushroom is a saprophytic that can function as medicine, namely antihypertensive, antibacterial, anticancer, immunostimulant, anticholesterol, antiviral, and antioxidant. The content of secondary metabolites terpenoids, alkaloids, phenols have antibacterial activity. extract was obtained by stepwise extraction with hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate solvents. Testing activity diffusion ...

The improvement of fish immunity is a critical factor in successful aquaculture. In recent years, the use garlic (Allium sativum) as an immunostimulant has attracted researchers and farmers' interest enhancing fish's health disease resistance. This abstract discusses overview Garlic widely known for its antimicrobial, antioxidant, properties. Several studies have evaluated effects supplementati...

ABSTRACT Feed additives, such as β-glucans, nucleotides, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and α-tocopherol E) can improve fish immunity contribute to enhanced zootechnical performance of the fish. This study aimed evaluate effect different concentrations vitamin- mineral premix with or without inclusion an immunostimulant boost (β-glucans, nucleotides vitamins C on performance, hemato-immunological p...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact oleic acid supplements on liver metabolome hybrid grouper fingerlings (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) challenged with Vibrio vulnificus. Oleic used as a fish feed supplement because it has been reported enhance immune response fish. After six weeks feeding trials control and experimental diets (oleic immunostimulant), 10 wer...

background and objectives:infection of pleural fluid is a common disease and because of antibiotic administration, the microbiology of this fluid has changed. the aim of this study was to determine the common bacteria and suitable antibiotics for treatment in pleural effusion (pe). materials and methods: in this cross sectional study, 1210 samples with exudative features were cultured for poss...

despite recent innovations in the laboratory diagnosis of bacterial from nonbacterial meningitis, solid data-necessary for early determination of bacterial meningitis (bm) before organism growth in the culture medium-are missing. therefore cerebrospinal fluid (csf) lactate levels were evaluated as a possible means of differentiating the two clinical entities. this was a retrospective study. pat...

Three articles in this issue of Clinical Cancer Research show how multiple vaccinations can lead to immunosuppression. Moreover, two studies in patients show that granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) as an adjuvant immunostimulant to different kind of vaccines can lead to adverse outcome in terms of relapse-free and overall survival. Modulation of regulatory T-cell activity...