Neutrophils have a dual role in sepsis-defending against infection and mediating organ failure. Because glutathione (GSH) is lower in sepsis, the hypothesis that GSH depletion might impair the migratory response of neutrophils to infection was tested. In a mouse model of polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture, GSH depletion inhibited peritoneal neutrophil infiltration, incr...

Sepsis is a potentially fatal condition, accounting for over 1 million hospitalizations annually in the United States, with mortality rates as high as 40%. Patients undergoing gastrointestinal (GI) surgery are especially susceptible to sepsis, due to bacterial translocation secondary to surgical trauma and the use of antibiotics. Probiotics and synbiotics, which have been hypothesized to counte...

Microbes activate pattern recognition receptors to initiate adaptive immunity. T cells affect early innate inflammatory responses to viral infection, but both activation and suppression have been demonstrated. We identify a novel role for B cells in the early innate immune response during bacterial sepsis. We demonstrate that Rag1(-/-) mice display deficient early inflammatory responses and red...

Background: Sepsis is one of the most important causes of death in infants. The pattern of bacterial agents responsible for neonatal septicemia changes over time. The main aim of the present study was to provide a clinical guideline adapted for treatment of neonatal sepsis based on the frequency of microbial agents in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Alzahra Hospital, Tabriz, Iran.Meth...

Neutrophils are essential for successful host eradication of bacterial pathogens and for survival to polymicrobial sepsis. During inflammation, the bone marrow provides a large reserve of neutrophils that are released into the peripheral circulation where they traverse to sites of infection. Although neutrophils are essential for survival, few studies have investigated the mechanisms responsibl...

PURPOSE HIV, bacterial sepsis, malaria, and tuberculosis are important causes of disease in Africa. We aimed to determine the impact of HIV on the presentation, causes and outcome of bacterial sepsis and other acute febrile illnesses in Gabon, Central Africa. METHODS We performed a prospective observational study in new adult admissions with fever or hypothermia (≥ 38 or <36 °C). Blood cultur...

Sepsis is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. A recent report suggested that murine neonatal host defense against infection could be compromised by immunosuppressive CD71(+) erythroid splenocytes. We examined the impact of CD71(+) erythroid splenocytes on murine neonatal mortality to endotoxin challenge or polymicrobial sepsis and characterized circulating CD71(+) eryth...

Inhibiting complement anaphlytoxin C5a during sepsis may prevent sepsis mortality. Although human anti-C5 antibodies exist, their therapeutic use in microbial sepsis has been avoided because of the hypothesis that inhibiting C5b will prevent formation of the bactericidal membrane attack complex (MAC) and worsen clinical outcome. We wished to test the hypothesis that inhibition of C5 would impro...

Bacteremia and sepsis, along with other serious bacterial infections (SBIs), are still significant causes of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide despite the use of modern antibiotics and evidence-based resuscitation guidelines and treatments.1 Sepsis in neonates is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality. Based on the onset, neonatal sepsis is classified into two major...

Severe viral or bacterial infections can lead to sepsis and multiorgan dysfunction, these latter events even cause death. Multiple lines of evidence in the literature associate vitamin C with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant immunomodulatory actions. All biological effects make a potential treatment for prevention sepsis. In this article, we briefly summarize data supporting use as...