The timing and the frequency of punishment are critical elements in law enforcement. Previous studies suggest the superiority of immediate punishment schemes over delayed punishment, as well as the importance of frequent punishment. Yet law enforcement schemes which utilize both frequent and immediate punishment may be cost prohibitive in real settings. In this work, we propose the “bad lottery...

background: the manner in which healthcare professionals deliver bad news affects the way it is received, interpreted, understood, and dealt with. despite the fact that clinicians are responsible for breaking bad news, it has been shown that they lack skills necessary to perform this task. objectives: the purpose of this study was to explore iranian mothers’ experiences to receive bad news abou...

An n-superconcentrator is an acyclic directed graph with n inputs and n outputs for which, for every -<_ n, every set of inputs, and every set of outputs, there exists an r-flow (a set of vertex-disjoint directed paths) from the given inputs to the given outputs. We show that there exist n-superconcentrators with 39n + O(log n) (in fact, at most 40n) edges, depth O(log n), and maximum degree (i...

recognition of the molecular mechanisms of camp action against dna damage-induced apoptosis can be useful to improve the efficacy of dna damaging therapeutic agents. considering the critical role of bcl-2-associated death promoter (bad) and p53 proteins in dna damage -induced apoptosis, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of camp-elevating agents on these proteins in doxorubicin-trea...