The ratio of males to females in a population is a meaningful characteristic of sexual species. The reason for this biological property to be available to the observers of nature seems to be a question never asked. Introducing the notion of historically adapted populations as global minimizers of maintenance cost functions, we propose a theoretical explanation for the reported stability of this...

We consider the XXX Bethe equation associated with integral dominant weights of a Kac-Moody algebra and introduce a generating procedure constructing new solutions starting from a given one. The family of all solutions constructed from a given one is called a population. We list properties of populations.

Stochastic models of closed populations predict eventual extinction with certainty. Consequently, their behavior is often characterized by the quasi-stationary state, i.e. the long-term distribution of population sizes conditional on non-extinction. In contrast, models which allow for immigration exhibit a regular stationary state. At the limit of a low immigration rate, a population is expecte...

This symposium explores the forefront of research on population dynamics of mammals by considering population density changes explicitly in the framework of the communities and ecoscapes in which they occur. This approach will not only help us to better understand population behavior, but also will serve to more effectively manage populations of economic and conservation concern. My contributio...

Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE; OMIM: 106180) has an important role in the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II and degradation of bradykinin. Genetic polymorphism I/D (rs4646994) in the gene encoding ACE has been well defined. To get more insight into the genetic structure of Iranian populations, the distribution of the ACE I/D polymorphism among Iranians was compared with each ot...

The prehistoric populations of humans are an important source of information to analyze some aspects of the modern human societies. Thinking about the human ancestors it is important because it is possible to understand some of the characteristics of humans nowadays. For instance, human behavior or languages structures are some of the elements that could be studied by looking to human evolution...

Aim There is mounting concern that climate change will lead to the collapse of cyclic population dynamics, yet the influence of climate variability on population cycling remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that variability in survival and fecundity, driven by climate variability at different points in the life cycle, scales up from local populations to drive regional characteristics of p...

Individual learning and social learning are two primary abilities supporting cultural evolution. Conditions for their evolution have mostly been studied by investigating gene frequency dynamics, which essentially implies constant population size. Predictions from such "static" models may only be of partial relevance to the evolution of advanced individual learning in modern humans, because mode...

Evidence for synchronous fluctuations of spatially separated populations is ubiquitous in the literature, including accounts within and across taxa. Among the few mechanisms explaining this phenomenon is the Moran effect, whereby independent populations are synchronized by spatially correlated environmental disturbances. The body of research on the Moran effect predominantly assumes that enviro...

In this paper, we consider a stoichiometric population model of two producers and one consumer. It is a generalization of the Rosenzweig-MacArthur population growth model, which is a one-producer, one-consumer population model without stoichiometry. The generalization involves two steps: 1) adding a second producer which competes with the first, and 2) introducing stoichiometry into the system....