OBJECTIVES To understand the evolution of 20 years of tobacco industry strategies to undermine federal restrictions of smoking on aircraft in the United States. DESIGN We searched and analysed internal tobacco industry records, public documents, and other related research. RESULTS The industry viewed these restrictions as a serious threat to the social acceptability of smoking. Its initial ...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to conduct an audit of point-of-sale (POS) tobacco advertising and assess compliance with an advertising ban in a large district of Beirut, Lebanon. METHODS The audit was conducted 3 months following the ban on tobacco advertising. Trained students observed all tobacco retail outlets (n = 100) and entered data into a web-based form using iPad(®) tech...

Most attacks against security protocols are due to their vulnerable designs. These type of protocols are usually the base which many other protocols and applications are built upon, so proving the correctness of such protocols has become a very important issue in recent years. At the same time, the complexity of security protocols has increased considerably, making it harder to perform an exhau...

Body Area Networks (BANs) are emerging as enabling technology for many human-centered application domains such as health-care, sport, fitness, wellness, ergonomics, emergency, safety, security, and sociality. A BAN, which basically consists of wireless wearable sensor nodes usually coordinated by a static or mobile device, is mainly exploited to monitor single assisted livings. Data generated b...

Genetic analyses have demonstrated that together with TTG1, a WD-repeat (WDR) protein, TT2 (MYB), and TT8 (bHLH) are necessary for the correct expression of BANYULS (BAN). This gene codes for the core enzyme of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana seed coat. The interplays of TT2, TT8, and their closest MYB/bHLH relatives, with TTG1 and the BAN promoter have been investigated u...

The breath-actuated nebulizer (BAN, AeroEclipse, Trudell Medical International, London, Ontario, Canada) has been available as an aerosol delivery option for several years. This small-volume jet nebulizer is primarily designed to generate aerosol during inspiration in response to the patient’s inspiratory flow triggering the opening valve.1,2 Some studies report that BAN provides smaller partic...

Anthocyanidin reductase encoded by the BANYULS (BAN) gene is the core enzyme in proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis. Here, we analyzed the developmental mechanisms that regulate the spatiotemporal expression of BAN in the developing Arabidopsis seed coat. PA-accumulating cells were localized histochemically in the inner integument (seed body and micropyle) and pigment strand (chalaza). BAN promo...

This paper aims to examine the process through which a total ban on asbestos was achieved in Japan. We reconstructed the process, analyzed the roles of involved parties/events, and drew lessons from the Japanese experience of achieving the ban. In Japan, a bill to phase out asbestos was proposed in 1992 but rejected without deliberation. Wide support for such a ban subsequently grew, however, l...

BACKGROUND In October, 2008, legislation was implemented in the city and county of San Francisco, California, prohibiting the sale of tobacco products in pharmacies. OBJECTIVE To characterise public awareness and perceptions of the ban on tobacco sales in San Francisco community pharmacies. METHODS A brief, anonymous survey was used to assess public awareness and perceptions of a ban on tob...

In September 2005 Thailand became the first Asian country to implement a complete ban on the display of cigarettes and other tobacco products at point-of-sale (POS). This paper examined the impact of the POS tobacco display ban in Thailand, with Malaysia (which did not impose bans) serving as a comparison. The data came from the International Tobacco Control Southeast Asia Survey (2005-2011), a...