This study aims at recognizing the role of neural networks in deciding administrative decisions banks. To achieve aims, developed a suggested model that depends on artificial as stabilization tool to support loans management decisions. The Descent Conjugate Gradient algorithm is adopted build through checking loan demands according various banking instructions. results showed using such techniq...

Investigators exammning problems with credit availability during the most recent recession have been unable to provide definitive evidence that the decline in bank loans was, at least in part, a supply phenomenon. Furthermore, they have not focused on the subset of loans made to borrowers most likely to be dependent on bank financing. This study overcomes these flaws. By examining formal regula...

We develop a standard model to show how transaction costs in international investment affect conventional tests of consumption risk sharing, both in a multilateral and a bilateral setting. We implement the tests in a novel international dataset on bilateral holdings of equity, bonds, foreign direct investment and bank loans. International consumption risk sharing increases with foreign capital ...

Chinese banks suffer from serious financial fragility manifested by high proportions of non-performing loans and low capital-adequacy ratios. A key policy introduced recently by the Chinese government to reduce financial risks is the establishment of four asset management companies (AMCs) for dealing with bad loans. Drawing on the experiences of the Resolution Trust Corporation in the United St...

Following Miles and Snow’s Business Strategy (BS) topology, we find that banks impose relatively higher loan spreads for the firms follow an Innovation-Oriented Strategy (IOBS). We further document IOBS is positively associated with corporate risk measures such as variances in equity returns on assets. Overall, our findings suggest charge a cost of debt anticipation borrowers’ payback riskin...

considering significant influence of financial crisis on the economy as a whole, policymakers spend remarkable resources on supervision and methods to ensure about sustainable financial system . a non-performing loan, or npl, is a loan that is in default or close to being in default. many loans become non-performing after being in default for 90 days, but this can depend on the contract termsan...

With bank-level data from 81 developing countries, the paper shows that increased foreign bank presence is associated with increased reliance on non-deposit based funding, which leads to higher interest rate spreads, less credit to the private sector, and higher volatility in bank loans. Foreign bank entry significantly reduces domestic banks’ share of deposits while foreign banks typically all...

Health care systems spend a relatively high percentage of their resources on the purchase of medicines, and the poor spend a disproportionate amount of their income on pharmaceuticals. There is ample evidence in the literature that drugs are very poorly used. World Bank-led health reforms aim at improving equity, efficiency, quality, and users' satisfaction, and it will be difficult to achieve ...