This study aimed assessing the land degradation status of some soil series North Tikrit Agricultural Project using remote sensing data. Part project area (246,555) km2 was selected based on variations in characteristics and agricultural crops. The is located between longitudes 43˚ 12′ 30ʹʹ 27′ E latitudes 35˚ 15′ 00ʹʹ 0′ N. includes five series: Hatra, Jareesh, Safa, Seneyah, Shurqat. Forty-fou...

Many philosophers hold that all dispositions must have independent causal bases. I challenge this view, hence defending the possibility of bare dispositions. In part 1, I explain more fully what I mean by "disposition," "causal basis," and "bare disposition." In part 2, I consider the claim that the concept of a disposition entails that dispositions are not bare. dispositions necessarily have d...

The compositional semantics of sentences like Only mammals give live birth and The flag flies only if the Queen is home is a tough problem. Evidence is presented to show that only here is modifying an underlying proposition (its 'prejacent'). After discussing the semantics of only, the question of the proper interpretation of the prejacent is explored. It would be nice if the prejacent could be...

Crop coefficient curves provide simple, reproducible means to estimate crop evapotranspiration (ET) from weather-based reference ET values. The dual crop coefficient sKcd method of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States (FAO) Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56 (FAO-56) is intended to improve daily simulation of crop ET by considering separately the contribution of evapora...

Cropland soils are key systems in global carbon budgets due to their high carbon-sequestration potential. It is widely accepted that clays one of the soil components have a significant effect on stabilisation organic (SOC), owing its surface interactions with molecules. However, identification direct effects SOC stabilization complicated, mainly difficulty accurately characterizing mineralogy c...

Soil labile organic carbon and soil enzymes play important roles in the carbon cycle of coastal wetlands that have high organic carbon accumulation rates. Soils under three vegetations (Phragmites australis, Spartina alterniflora, and Scirpusm mariqueter) as well as bare mudflat in Hangzhou Bay wetland of China were collected seasonally. Seasonal dynamics and correlations of soil labile organic...