A scenario for the generation of the baryon asymmetry in the early Universe is proposed in which cosmic string loops, predicted by theories where the baryon and/or lepton numbers are gauged symmetries, collapse during the friction dominated period of string evolution. This provides a mechanism for the departure from thermal equilibrium necessary to have a nonvanishing baryon asymmetry. Examples...

We examine effects on primordial nucleosynthesis from a truly random spatial distribution in the baryon-to-photon ratio (η). We generate stochastic fluctuation spectra characterized by different spectral indices and root-mean-square fluctuation amplitudes. For the first time we explicitly calculate the effects of baryon diffusion on the nucleosynthesis yields of such stochastic fluctuations. We...

Kaon excitations (kaonic modes) are investigated in hyperonic matter, where hyperons (Λ, Σ, Ξ ) are mixed in the ground state of neutron-star matter. P -wave kaon-baryon interactions as well as the s-wave interactions are taken into account within chiral effective Lagrangian, and the nonrelativistic effective baryon-baryon interactions are incorporated. When the hyperon Λ is more abundant than ...

Data from Type Ia supernovae, along with X-ray cluster estimates of the universal baryon fraction and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) determina-tions of the baryon-to-photon ratio, are used to provide estimates of several global cosmological parameters at epochs near zero redshift. We show that our estimate of the present baryon density is in remarkably good agreement with that inferred from BBN...

We show that primordial nucleosynthesis in baryon inhomogeneous big-bang models can lead to significant heavy-element production while still satisfying all of the light-element abundance constraints including the low lithium abundance observed in population II stars. The parameters which admit this solution arise naturally from the process of neutrino induced inflation of baryon inhomogeneities...

A systematic study of multiquark exotics with one or Nc − 1 heavy quarks in the large Nc limit is presented. By binding a chiral soliton to a heavy meson, either a normal Nc-quark baryon or an exotic (Nc + 2)-quark baryon is obtained. By replacing the heavy quark with Nc−1 heavy antiquarks, exotic (2Nc− 2)-quark and 2Nc-quark mesons are obtained. When Nc = 3, they are just the normal triquark b...

The primordial abundances of deuterium, helium-3, helium-4, and lithium-7 probe the baryon density of the Universe only a few minutes after the Big Bang. Of these relics from the early Universe, deuterium is the baryometer of choice. After reviewing the current observational status of the relic abundances (a moving target!), the baryon density determined by big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) is der...

We study the supersymmetric leptogenesis via LHu flat direction with a gauged U(1)B−L symmetry. We find that the resultant baryon asymmetry is enhanced compared with the case without a gauged U(1)B−L symmetry. The baryon asymmetry is proportional to the reheating temperature of inflation, but it is independent of the gravitino mass. If high reheating temperatures of inflation TR ∼ 10 GeV are av...

In the context of electroweak strings, the baryon number anomaly equation may be reinterpreted as a conservation law for baryon number minus helicity. Since the helicity is a sum of the link and twist numbers, linked or twisted loops of electroweak string carry baryon number. We evaluate the change in the baryon number obtained by delinking loops of electroweak Z−string and show that twisted el...

The coupling of photons and baryons by Thomson scattering in the early universe imprints features in both the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and matter power spectra. The former have been used to constrain a host of cosmological parameters, the latter have the potential to strongly constrain the expansion history of the universe and dark energy. Key to this program is the means to localize t...