Objective: The Rifampicin resistance and susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are caused by mutations in the 81-base pair region of the rpoB gene encoding the b-subunit of RNA polymerase. Methods: Isoniazid resistance of M. tuberculosis is related to mutations in inha , oxyR and ahpC genes which 30 to 90 percent of Isoniazid resistance is occurred in 3015 codons of kat...

Dear Editor, Snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea is largely owing to narrowed upper airway and abnormal collapsibility during sleep. More than 90% of apneic patients have single obstruction in the retropalatal level, whereas 40–50% of those have obstruction in multiple sites, including retropalatal space, retrolingual space and hypopharynx. Successful surgical management of obstructive sleep a...

BACKGROUND Most cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the tongue base are radioresistant, and are diagnosed in the advanced stage. Therefore, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of carbon ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) for locally advanced ACC of the tongue base. METHODS Eighteen patients with ACC of the tongue base were treated with C-ion RT between May 2002 and April 2014. Seventeen pati...

A 60 year old lady was referred to the Princess Alexandra Hospital (Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) tertiary Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Unit from a peripheral hospital for investigation and management of a tumour at the base of the tongue. Biopsy of the tumour revealed it to be an epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the base of the tongue. This is an extremely rare tumour in this location...

Introduction Pleomorphic adenoma, also known as mixed tumor, is the most common benign tumor of the major and minor salivary glands. The occurrence of pleomorphic adenoma of the tongue base is very rare, and very few cases have been reported in the literature. Objective The authors present a rare case of pleomorphic adenoma of the tongue base and a review of the literature. Case Report A 55-yea...

Teratomas are bulky lesions that rarely occur in the head and neck regions.They are composed of tissues from all germ layers with varying degrees of differentiation. They arise from pluripotential stem cells and ectopic embryonic non-germ cells. The most common sites of occurrence in the head and neck are the cervical region and the nasopharynx. Three cases of these tumors are reported here...

BACKGROUND Postoperative swallowing function may be influenced by a number of treatment variables; this study examines the relationship of various treatment factors to measures of swallow function. METHODS Swallowing was examined with the modified barium swallow procedure in 144 patients surgically treated for oral or oropharyngeal cancer 3 months after healing. Univariate and multivariate co...