A low stiffness makes long-span suspension bridges sensitive to loads, and this sensitivity is particularly significant for wind-induced nonlinear vibrations. In the present paper, vibrations of under combined effects static vortex-induced loads are explored using partial differential–integral equation that models plane bending motion bridges. First, we discretized through Galerkin method obtai...

Abstract The stability of trees is the subject numerous studies, as their loss poses a threat to life and limb. Bending loads are responsible for two most common failure modes: uprooting stem break. Uprooting strongly related soil conditions, water saturation root system itself. These parameters difficult measure in situ. Since both modes result vitality, arguments from evolutionary theory sugg...

Long bone loading histories are commonly evaluated using a beam model by calculating cross-sectional second moments of areas (SMAs). Without in vivo strain data, SMA analyses commonly make two explicit or implicit assumptions. First, while it has long been known that axial compression superimposed on bending shifts neutral axes away from cross-sectional area centroids, most analyses assume that...