Capsaicinoids are the pungent alkaloids that give hot peppers (Capsicum spp.) their spiciness. While capsaicinoids are relatively simple molecules, much is unknown about their biosynthesis, which spans diverse metabolisms of essential amino acids, phenylpropanoids, benzenoids, and fatty acids. Pepper is not a model organism, but it has access to the resources developed in model plants through c...

Brunfelsia calycina flowers change colour from purple to white due to anthocyanin degradation, parallel to an increase in fragrance and petal size. Here it was tested whether the production of the fragrant benzenoids is dependent on induction of the shikimate pathway, or if they are formed from the anthocyanin degradation products. An extensive characterization of the events taking place in Bru...

Graph-theoretical applications to chemistry are reviewed from a personal point of view in the context of the gradual acceptance of the value of such applications by the chemical and informational community. Initial problems involved enumerations of isomers that required the use of molecular (constitutional) graphs and techniques such as Polya’s theorem, including valence isomers of annulenes, b...

The development of chemical applications of graph theory is reviewed from a personal perspective. Graph-theoretical methods for finding all graphs fulfilling certain mathematical conditions followed by eliminating chemically impossible solutions are equivalent to the ‘Sherlock Holmes principle’. For molecular graphs, this is illustrated by monocyclic aromatic systems and by valence isomers of a...

The effect and responses to drought stress were analyzed in Quercus ilex L. seedlings using a nontargeted metabolomic approach, implementing the approaches of previous studies which other -omics platforms, transcriptomics, proteomics employed. This work aimed characterize Q. leaf metabolome, determining possible mechanisms molecular markers tolerance identifying putative bioactive compounds. Si...

Mulberry is an economically significant crop for the sericulture industry worldwide. Stresses such as drought exposure have a influence on plant survival. Because metabolome directly reflects physiological condition, performing global metabolomic analysis one technique to examine this influence. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based untargeted approach, effect of stress mu...

Rose ( Rosa L.) is an economically important ornamental genus that has been cultivated for its scent the perfume industry since antiquity. However, most modern roses have lost their fragrance during later stages of breeding process. Here, 59 species , including 24 wild species, 20 Chinese old garden roses, and 15 were examined by headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spe...

To successfully recruit pollinators, plants often release attractive floral scents at specific times of day to coincide with pollinator foraging. This timing of scent emission is thought to be evolutionarily beneficial to maximize resource efficiency while attracting only useful pollinators. Temporal regulation of scent emission is tied to the activity of the specific metabolic pathways respons...

Antrodia camphorata is a unique mushroom of Taiwan, which has been used as a traditional medicine for protection of diverse health-related conditions. In an effort to translate this Eastern medicine into Western-accepted therapy, a great deal of work has been carried out on A. camphorata. This review discusses the biological activities of the crude extracts and the main bioactive compounds of A...

Floral scent, which is determined by a complex mixture of low molecular weight volatile molecules, plays a major role in the plant's life cycle. Phenylpropanoid volatiles are the main determinants of floral scent in petunia (Petunia hybrida). A screen using virus-induced gene silencing for regulators of scent production in petunia flowers yielded a novel R2R3-MYB-like regulatory factor of pheny...