Biosensors that detect and convert biological reactions to a measurable signal have gained much attention in recent years. Between 1950 and 2017, more than 150,000 papers have been published addressing the applications of biosensors in different industries, but to the best of our knowledge and through careful screening, critical reviews that describe hydrogel based biosensors for biomedical app...

This paper presents an overview of different physicochemical instrumental techniques for direct and indirect identification of bacteria such as: infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy, flow cytometry, chromatography and chemiluminescence techniques as a basis for biosensor construction. A discussion of publications dealing with emerging biosensors for bacterial detection is presented. The revie...

Genetically encoded biosensors based on FRET have enabled the visualization of signaling events in live cells with high spatiotemporal resolution. However, the limited sensitivity of these biosensors has hindered their broad application in biological studies. We have paired enhanced CFP (ECFP) with YPet, a variant of YFP. This ECFP/YPet FRET pair markedly enhanced the sensitivity of biosensors ...

Genetically-encoded biosensors based on the principle of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) have been widely used in biology to visualize the spatiotemporal dynamics of signaling molecules. Despite the increasing multitude of these biosensors, their application has been mostly limited to cultured cells with transient biosensor expression, due to particular difficulties in the development ...

With the unprecedented deterioration of environmental quality, rapid recognition of toxic compounds is paramount for performing in situ real-time monitoring. Although several analytical techniques based on electrochemistry or biosensors have been developed for the detection of toxic compounds, most of them are time-consuming, inaccurate, or cumbersome for practical applications. More recently, ...

This paper describes the use of Au nanoparticle (NP)-containing hydrogel microstructures in the development of electrochemical enzyme-based biosensors. To fabricate biosensors, AuNPs were conjugated with glucose oxidase (GOX) or horseradish peroxidase (HRP) molecules and were dispersed in the prepolymer solution of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA). Vinylferrocene (VF) was also added in...

In response to extracellular stimuli, cells display a variety of behaviors, including proliferation, differentiation, morphological changes and migration. The analysis of the spatiotemporal regulation of signal transduction in living cells is needed for a better understanding of such behaviors, and such investigations have been greatly accelerated by the development of fluorescent protein-based...

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) has emerged as a prominent intracellular messenger that coordinates biofilm formation and pathogenicity in many bacterial species. Developing genetically encoded biosensors for c-di-GMP will help us understand how bacterial cells respond to environmental changes via the modulation of cellular c-di-GMP levels. Here we report the design of two genetically encoded c-di-GMP...

Nanocarbon allotropes (NCAs), including zero-dimensional carbon dots (CDs), one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and two-dimensional graphene, exhibit exceptional material properties, such as unique electrical/thermal conductivity, biocompatibility and high quenching efficiency, that make them well suited for both electrical/electrochemical and optical sensors/biosensors alike. In particular...

This review focuses on recent contributions in the development of the electrochemical sensors based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNTs have unique mechanical and electronic properties, combined with chemical stability, and behave electrically as a metal or semiconductor, depending on their structure. For sensing applications, CNTs have many advantages such as small size with larger surface area, ...