adenosine acts as neuromodulator in the brain, which its involvement in a wide range of brain processes and diseases has been studied, such as epilepsy, sleep, anxiety, panic disorder, alzheimer’s disease, parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. adenosine receptors have been detected: a1r, a2ar (a2ar), a2br, and a3r. a1r and a2r inhibit camp production, while a2ar and a2br stimulate camp product...

BACKGROUND Polymalic acid (PMA) is a novel polyester polymer that has been broadly used in the medical and food industries. Its monomer, L-malic acid, is also a potential C4 platform chemical. However, little is known about the mechanism of PMA biosynthesis in the yeast-like fungus, Aureobasidium pullulans. In this study, the effects of different nitrogen concentration on cell growth and PMA bi...

In most insect species, juvenile hormones regulate critical physiological processes such as metamorphosis and reproduction. In insects, these sesquiterpenoids are synthesized by retrocerebral endocrine organs, the corpora allata, via the classical mevalonate (MVA) pathway. One of these compounds, juvenile hormone III (JH III), has also been identified in the sedge Cyperus iria. In higher plants...

Saline-alkali stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that severely affect rice yield. However, mechanism by which saline-alkali regulates grain filling in still unclear. In this study, Oryza sativa L. spp. Indica cultivar Chaoyou1000 (C1000) was exposed to post-anthesis conditions at 6 days after anthesis, significantly reduced weight suppressing accumulation starch and non-structural carb...

Abstract Background Cembranoids are one kind of diterpenoids with multiple biological activities. The tobacco cembratriene-ol (CBT-ol) and cembratriene-diol (CBT-diol) have high anti-insect anti-fungal activities, which is attracting great attentions for their potential usage in sustainable agriculture. were supposed to be formed through the 2-C-methyl- d -erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, ...

Abstract Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a lethal pediatric brain cancer in dire need for therapeutic breakthroughs. To identify intrinsic addictions and targets DMG, we conducted genome-wide k¬¬¬¬nockout CRISPR screen that identified de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway as targetable dependency. Since nucleotides can be synthesized by salvage pathways, identification of the latter dependenc...

A mevalonate-independent pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis present in Plasmodium falciparum was shown to represent an effective target for chemotherapy of malaria. This pathway includes 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DOXP) as a key metabolite. The presence of two genes encoding the enzymes DOXP synthase and DOXP reductoisomerase suggests that isoprenoid biosynthesis in P. falciparum depends o...

Light is the energy source for plant photosynthesis and influences growth development. Through multiple photoreceptors, interprets light signals through various downstream phytohormones such as auxin. Recently, Chen et al. (2020) uncover a new layer of regulation in IPyA pathway auxin biosynthesis by light. Here we highlight recent studies about how controls regulating signaling.

Juvenile hormone III (JH III) stimulates biosynthesis of the monoterpenoid aggregation pheromone component, ipsdienol, in the anterior midgut of the male pine engraver beetle, Ips pini (Say). To understand better the hormonal regulation of pheromone biosynthesis in this forest pest, and identify JH III-responsive genes, microarrays were prepared and hybridized to cDNA from midguts of JH III-tre...