We have studied the behavior of organic molecules (Rhodamine 640) that are encaged in a matrix synthesized by the sol-gel process. By applying a strong optical-polarized electric field, we can control the alignment of the molecules within the sample and locally create a birefringent effect. Using this sample in a Kerr experiment, we obtained a transmission ratio of 6%. Since the birefringent ef...

We present a simple design rule for diode-laserpumped quasi-three-level lasers by using the M2 factor. The validity of this model was demonstrated by diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser experiments. The maximum output power of 1.33 W and optical slope efficiency of 63% were obtained in a 400m Yb:YAGchip miniature laser. Using a 200m Yb:YAG chip, a 70% optical slope efficiency was reached. In a coupled-ca...

A vector-wave analysis of nondiffracting beams propagating along a birefringent chiral crystal for the case of tensor character of both the optical activity and linear birefringence is presented. We have written characteristic equations and found propagation constants and amplitude parameters of the eigenmodes. The characteristic curves have anomalous zones described by an isotropic point or a ...

Photonics enables to develop simple lab experiments that mimic water rogue wave generation phenomena, as well as relativistic gravitational effects such as event horizons, gravitational lensing and Hawking radiation. The basis for analog gravity experiments is light propagation through an effective moving medium obtained via the nonlinear response of the material. So far, analogue gravity kinem...

We report the first demonstration to our knowledge of broadly tunable, single-frequency operation of a cw Cr:YAG laser. Single-frequency operation was obtained from 1332 to 1554 nm with a maximum output power of 680 mW generated at 1457 nm with 10% conversion efficiency of 1047-nm pump laser radiation. A traveling-wave ring resonator was forced to operate unidirectionally by use of Faraday rota...

The role of Dyakonov surface waves in the transmission through structures composed of birefringent media is theoretically explored. In the case of structures using prisms, unexpected high transmission above the critical angle due to resonant excitation of Dyakonov surface waves is predicted. This transmission is produced only when TE polarized incident wave reaches the interface supporting the ...

We study both experimentally and theoretically the generation of photon pairs by spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in standard birefringent optical fibers. The ability to produce a range of two-photon spectral states, from highly correlated (entangled) to completely factorable, by means of cross-polarized birefringent phase matching, is explored. A simple model is developed to predict the spe...

In this work, it is shown that the differential loss between the TE- and TM-polarized fundamental modes in a highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber (PCF) can be enhanced by bending the fiber. As a result, a design approach for single-mode single-polarization operation has been developed and is discussed. A rigorous full-vectorial H-field-based finite element approach, which includes the con...

Multiple birefringent rhomboidal crystals seen on histological examination of a resected oesophagus were subsequently found to contain elemental barium and sulphur on energy dispersive x ray ( EDX ) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and EDX analysis of readily available commercial barium sulphate suspensions suggested that the two forms of barium sulphate previously described in tissue sec...

We present a new model for the propagation of polarized light in a random birefringent medium. This model is based on a decomposition of the higher order statistics of the reduced Stokes parameters along the irreducible representations of the rotation group. We show how this model allows a detailed description of the propagation, giving analytical expressions for the probability densities of th...