Cover crops are important components of sustainable agricultural systems. They increase surface residue and aid in the reduction of soil erosion. They improve the structure and water-holding capacity of the soil and thus increase the effectiveness of applied N fertilizer. Legume cover crops such as hairy vetch and crimson clover fix nitrogen and contribute to the nitrogen requirements of subseq...

Vetch (Vicia sativa L.) is one of the most important annual forage legumes in the World due to its multiple uses (i.e., hay, grain, silage and green manure) and high nutritional value. However, detrimental cyanoalanine toxins in its plant parts including seeds and its vulnerability to hard winter conditions are currently reducing the agronomic values of vetch varieties. Moreover, the existence ...

BACKGROUND Natural foods contain not only nutrients, but also nonnutritious and potentially harmful chemicals. Thus, animals need to evaluate food content in order to make adequate feeding decisions. RESULTS Here, we investigate the effects of acids on the taste neuron responses and on taste behavior of desirable, nutritious sugars and sugar/bitter compound mixtures in Drosophila melanogaster...

Molecular data suggest that receptors for all bitter ligands are coexpressed in the same taste receptor cells (TRCs) while physiological results indicate that individual TRCs respond only to a subset of bitter stimuli. It is also unclear to what extent bitter-responsive neurons are stimulated by non-bitter stimuli. To explore these issues, single neuron responses were recorded from the rat nucl...

Abstract. Subsoil carbon (C) stocks are a prime target for efforts to increase soil C storage climate change mitigation. However, subsoil dynamics not well understood, especially in soils under long-term intensive agricultural management. We compared and organic matter (SOM) composition tomato–corn rotations after 25 years of differing nutrient management the California Central Valley: CONV (mi...

effect of different planting ratios of oat (avena sativa l.) and vetch (vicia sativa l.) was assessed on quality and quantity of forage and silage in an intercropping system as completely randomized block design (rcbd) with four replications. the treatments were different planting ratios of oat and vetch including 0:100, 20:80, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 80:20 and 100:0 (oat-vetch) formed as replacem...

Most animals possess taste receptors neurons detecting potentially noxious compounds. In humans, the ligands which activate these neurons define a sensory space called "bitter". By extension, this term has been used in animals and insects to define molecules which induce aversive responses. In this review, based on our observations carried out in Drosophila, we examine how bitter compounds are ...

Introduction Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM), also known as dimethyl sulfone (DMSO 2 ) and methyl sulfone, is an organic sulfur-containing compound that occurs naturally in a variety of fruits, vegetables, grains, and animals including humans. A white, odorless, slightly bitter-tasting crystalline substance containing 34-percent elemental sulfur, MSM is a normal oxidative metabolite product of dime...