The steady advance of computational methods makes model-based optimization an increasingly attractive method for process improvement. Unfortunately, the available models are often inaccurate. The traditional remedy is to update the model parameters, but this generally leads to a difficult parameter estimation problem that must be solved on-line, and the resulting model may still poorly predict ...

About 10 years have elapsed since the first whole-genome scanning studies in the mouse to identify loci that affect susceptibility or resistance to tumorigenesis. In that time, >100 cancer modifiers have been mapped, and four strong candidate genes have been identified. Cancer modifier loci affect almost all types of mouse tumorigenesis, with some loci acting on the entire tumorigenic process, ...

Real-Time Optimization (RTO) via modifier adaptation is a class of methods for which measurements are used to iteratively adapt the model via input-affine additive terms. The modifier terms correspond to the deviations between the measured and predicted constraints on the one hand, and the measured and predicted cost and constraint gradients on the other. If the iterative scheme converges, thes...