The interstellar absorption band centred on 2175 Å that is conventionally attributed to monodisperse graphite spheres of radii 0.02 mm is more plausibly explained as arising from biologically derived aromatic molecules. On the basis of panspermia models, interstellar dust includes a substantial fraction of biomaterial in various stages of degradation. We have modeled such an ensemble of degrade...

Semi-flexible pavement surfacing is a composite pavement that utilizes the porous pavement structure of the flexible bituminous pavement, which is subsequently grouted with appropriate cementitious materials. This study aims to investigate the compressive strength, flexural strength, and workability performance of cementitious grout. The grout mixtures are designed to achieve high strength and ...

No previous experience of eliminating reflective cracking of both joints and cracks in portland cement concrete pavements through bituminous concrete overlays has been completely successful. This led to the idea of breaking slabs into smaller pieces in order to control movement of the deteriorating PCC pavements under the overlays. In cracking and seating, the existing pavement is broken up int...

This study aims to propose a kinetics-based model of fatigue crack growth rate coupling with temperature, strain level and damage degree for bituminous materials. The length is calculated by an energy-based mechanistic (EBM) approach, kinetic parameters characterizing the are determined based on Arrhenius equation. Results show that logarithm linear inverse absolute cracking activation energy i...

The long-term survival of Rhizobium phaseoli strains 127K17, 127K26, and 127K35 in legume inoculants prepared with eight different coals (one strain and one coal per inoculant) was studied. The coals used were Pennsylvania anthracite, bituminous coals from Illinois, Pennsylvania, and Utah, lignite from North Dakota and Texas, and subbituminous coals from New Mexico and Wyoming; they ranged in p...

The emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen and sulphur oxides for electricity generation with coal and biomass co-firing are investigated and the furnace gas temperature assessed. The study uses simulation and considers fuel combinations based on two coals (bituminous coal, lignite) and four types of biomass (rice husk, sawdust, chicken litter, refused derived fuel). With increasing biomass, ...

Most bituminous adhesives or binders that are used for pavement materials are derived mainly from fossil fuels. Due to the availability of large quantities of biorenewable sources such as triglyceride oils, proteins, starch, and other carbohydrates from different organic sources, there are virtuous technical and economic prospects in utilizing them to produce bio-binders. Recently, through the ...

The course of turned bituminous pavement layers into hot mix asphalt (HMA) has been increasing day by all over the world. Bituminous surface treatment that contains consirable amount aggregate and bitumen, is an important source recycling offers a great materials intead virgin material usage on consruction. In study, it was aimed to investigate usability layer in base HMA roads mixing with foam...

A method based on isotope dilution cold-vapor inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-CV-ICPMS) has been developed for high-accuracy determinations of mercury in bituminous and sub-bituminous coals. A closed-system digestion process employing a Carius tube is used to completely oxidize the coal matrix and chemically equilibrate the mercury in the sample with a 201Hg isotopic spike. The...

Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to characterize two bituminous binders (A and B) of different origin. Glass transition temperatures (Tg) were determined by constructing van’t Hoff plots using n-pentane probes in a temperature range between -50 °C and +120 °C. Tg values were specified using the first deviations from linearity observed in the adsorption zone of the plots. A 6 °C differe...