BACKGROUND The "other Babinski sign" consists in the co-contraction of the orbicularis and frontalis muscles, causing an eyebrow elevation during ipsilateral eye closure. It cannot be voluntarily reproduced. AIMS OF THE STUDY To determine the utility of this sign in the differential diagnosis of hyperkinetic facial disorders. METHODS The presence of the sign was assessed in consecutive pati...

OBJECTIVE: Botulinum A toxin has been reported to provide excellent symptomatic relief for patients with dystonia. To analyse the treatment, complications, and outcome of patients receiving botulinum A toxin injection, the case records of 170 patients attending the Botox Clinic at the Kwong Wah Hospital from 1 December 1992 to 31 December 1996 were reviewed. Of these 170 patients, 130 (76.5%) h...

This is a concise review of the uses of botulinum toxins (BTXs) in dermatology and cosmetic procedures. It is a clinical rather than a basic science, pharmacological review. BTX had been initially used for selectively reducing and balancing periorbital muscle activity; thereby, reducing childhood strabismus and blepharospasm. This clinical research was initiated by Dr. Alan Scott over 40 years ...

1 Nerad JA, Kersten RC, Neuhaus RW, et al. Classification and management of eyelid disorders: ectropion. In: Nerad JA, Kersten RC, Neuhaus RW, et al, eds. Basic and clinical science course: orbit, eyelids, and lacrimal system. San Francisco: American Academy of Ophthalmology, 1997:142–8. 2 Bashour M, Harvey J. Causes of involutional ectropion and entropion—age-related tarsal changes are the key...

To evaluate the long-term effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX) in the treatment of blepharospasm, a retrospective analysis was conducted from the patients seen at the Movement Disorders Clinic of the Department of Neurology, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine from 1993 to 2003. A total of 379 treatments with BTX were administered to 30 patients with blepharospas...

Zolpidem is usually used for the treatment of insomnia as a hypnotic drug. It was also suggested to be effective in the treatment of dystonia in some studies. A 74-year-old woman had been suffering from frequent and intense bilateral spasms of the eyelids for 20 years. She has been treated with botulinum toxin injection and taken some medications. But, she experienced a little effect and was no...