Neurons constituting the pacemaker of circadian rhythms, located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, generate spontaneous firing patterns that change across the day-night cycle. Their average spontaneous firing rate is considered an important functional marker of clock activity because it is highest during daytime and low at night. In this study we investigate the ionic mechanisms underlying sponta...

Queuing models are introduced for estimating container dwell times at rail intermodal terminals and transit times through rail line-haul corridors. These models are statistically calibrated on industry data. The intent of these models is to estimate changes in container flow times stemming from changes in infrastructure, staffing levels at terminals, or import volumes passing through given infr...

We present a macroscopic model of mixed multilane freeway traffic that can be easily calibrated to empirical traffic data, as is shown for Dutch highway data. The model is derived from a gas-kinetic level of description, including effects of vehicular space requirements and velocity correlations between successive vehicles. We also give a derivation of the lane-changing rates. The resulting dyn...

We discuss molecular orbital basis sets that contain both Gaussian and polynomial (ramp) functions. We show that, by modeling ramp-Gaussian products as sums of ramps, all of the required one- and two-electron integrals can be computed quickly and accurately. To illustrate our approach, we construct R-31+G, a mixed ramp-Gaussian basis in which the core basis functions of the 6-31+G basis are rep...