Because the brain lacks a true lymphatic system, it is unclear how peripheral lymphocytes recognize foreign antigens present in the central nervous system. This report demonstrates that the choroid plexus, which constitutes the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, is able to present foreign antigen to, and stimulate the proliferation of, peripheral helper T lymphocytes through an Ia-dependent, ma...

Ipsilateral invasion of the cervical sympathetic plexus, leading to Horner's syndrome (miosis, enophthalmos, ptosis) in 14-50% of patients [2] . Ipsilateral reflex sympathetic dystrophy in the arm, with enhanced sensitivity to touch, and skin changes. Shoulder and arm pain (from the brachial plexus invasion C8-T1) with wasting of the intrinsic hand muscles and paraesthesiae in the medial side o...

Ipsilateral invasion of the cervical sympathetic plexus, leading to Horner's syndrome (miosis, enophthalmos, ptosis) in 14-50% of patients [2] . Ipsilateral reflex sympathetic dystrophy in the arm, with enhanced sensitivity to touch, and skin changes. Shoulder and arm pain (from the brachial plexus invasion C8-T1) with wasting of the intrinsic hand muscles and paraesthesiae in the medial side o...

The blood-cerebrospinal fluid boundary is present at the level of epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. As one of the sources of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), the choroid plexus (CP) plays an important role during brain development and function. Its formation has been studied largely in mammalian species. Lately, progress in other model animals, in particular the zebrafish, has brought a dee...

Dynamic-susceptibility-contrast MR perfusion imaging is a widely used imaging tool for in vivo study of cerebral blood perfusion. However, visualization of different hemodynamic compartments is less investigated. In this work, independent component analysis, thresholding, and Bayesian estimation were used to concurrently segment different tissues, i.e., artery, gray matter, white matter, vein a...

Background: Arshas is one among the Mahagadas (major diseases) which causes pain and obstruction in anal passage. It a rakta mamsa doshaja vyadhi (disease related to blood muscle). can be correlated hemorrhoids. caused due varicosity of hemorrhoidal plexus makes it surgically curable disease. In Ayurveda, various treatments have been mentioned for management arshas (hemorrhoid) such as chedhana...

the purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic result of ct -guided celiac plexus block for managing intractable upper abdominal pain due to pancreatic carcinoma or chronic pancreatitis. we treated 22 cancer patients who were on regular narcotic medication. after an iv infusion of 10mllkg ringer's lactate solution, all patients were rolled onto prone position, and lidocaine was ...

Variations of the brachial plexus and median nerve relationships with axillary artery may be significant to anatomists, radiologists, anesthesiologists, surgeons. In some cases, coexistence anatomical variations nerves vessels also a source conflict between individual structures, e.g., entrapment neuropathy due atypical (superficial nerve) course artery. The presented report describes coexistin...

A developmentally regulated protein-specific transfer mechanism across choroid plexus epithelial cells has previously been proposed to contribute to the characteristically high concentration of protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the immature brain. Here we demonstrate that this mechanism is sensitive to protein variations in plasma resulting in changed numbers of transferring cells for ind...

Towards understanding the pathogenesis of HIV dementia, we molecularly cloned and sequenced human immunde®ciency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp160 genes from uncultured post-mortem tissues collected from a patient with HIV dementia. Sequences from bone marrow, lymph node, lung, and four regions of brain ± the deep white matter, head of caudate, choroid plexus and meninges ± were compared. Also include...