The microcirculation of the bullfrog kidney was studied by scanning electron microscopy of the corrosion casts. The bullfrog kidney derives its blood supply from a dual origin: one is from the posterior half of the body via the renal portal veins and the dorso-lumbar veins, the other is from the urogenital arteries. The renal portal veins are linked with the hepatic portal system through the an...

The portal vein is formed by the confluence of the splenic vein with the superior mesenteric vein and its formation mostly occurs behind the pancreas in the retroperitoneum. It transports the blood mainly from the gastro-intestinal tract and the spleen to the liver. Seventy percent of the total blood supply to the liver is contributed by the portal vein while the hepatic artery contributes to t...

OVERLAPPING OF MERIDIAN AND VEIN A superficial vein named the median vein located on the midline of the anterior forearm is a common site for phlebotomy. It is rather parallel to the invisible PC4 and pericardial meridian (figure 1), although individual mappings of the vein are not uniform. The veins have thin elastic walls and blood flowing inside; electrically they are very conductive. Mechan...

The study was aimed to assess the effect of varicosity and pregnancy on the blood flow parameters in 22 cranial tibial veins of 17 buffaloes using B-mode and Doppler ultrasonography. Out of these, five buffaloes were suffering from unilateral hind limb varicosity and 12 were clinically healthy non-pregnant (n=6) or in advanced stages of pregnancy (n=6). The study highlights a significant increa...

The effects of cold storage using Custodiol® (Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate, HTK) or isotonic saline solution on mitochondrial function in hearts (left and rights ventricles) and various blood vessels of pigs were investigated. Hearts, saphenous veins, internal-mammary-arteries and aortas of male landrace pigs were harvested and exposed to cold ischemia in either saline or Custodiol-HTK so...

Vessel dimensions and characteristic responses to norepinephrine were measured in various arteries and veins of the rabbit made hypertensive by partial constriction of the upper abdominal aorta. The ear, radial, and basilar arteries taken from the circulation proximal to the ligature (the hypertensive arteries) were thickened in proportion to the rise is arterial blood pressure. The water, sodi...

Regional coronary venous oxygen saturation and myocardial oxygen tension (Po2) in isolated dog hearts were measured using two different methods—a new technique of microscopic oximetry and an improved oxygen electrode. Both methods yielded similar results. In studies of the isolated perfused dog heart developing a constant left ventricular systolic pressure, mean coronary venous oxygen saturatio...

Introduction: The cerebral vascular architecture and in particular the geometrical relationship between pathologies and blood vessels are of tremendous diagnostic and therapeutic interest [1]. In particular, veins on the brain's surface can be used as landmarks since the spatial relationship between sulci and blood vessels is not altered by brain edema-shrinkage, or brain shift during surgery [...

BACKGROUND Head and neck Magnetic Resonance (MR) Images are vulnerable to the arterial blood in-flow effect. To compensate for this effect and enhance accuracy and reproducibility, dynamic tracer concentration in veins was proposed and investigated for quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI analysis in head and neck. METHODOLOGY 21 patients with head and neck tumors underwent DCE-MR...

Abnormalities of retinal vasculatures can indicate health conditions in the body, such as the high blood pressure and diabetes. Providing automatically determined width ratio of arteries and veins (A/V ratio) on retinal fundus images may help physicians in the diagnosis of hypertensive retinopathy, which may cause blindness. The purpose of this study was to detect major retinal vessels and clas...