This paper considers the problem of expressing predicate calculus in connectionist networks that are based on energy minimization. Given a first-order-logic knowledge base and a bound k, a symmetric network is constructed (like a Boltzman machine or a Hopfield network) that searches for a proof fora given query. If a resolution-based proof is length no longer k exists, then the global minima of...

We have developed an empirical residue-based potential (E(z) potential) for protein insertion in lipid membranes. Propensities for occurrence as a function of depth in the bilayer were calculated for the individual amino acid types from their distribution in known structures of helical membrane proteins. The propensities were then fit to continuous curves and converted to a potential using a re...

We define a notion of reasoning using world-rank-functions, independently of any symbolic language. We then show that every symmetric neural network (like Hopfield networks or Boltzman machines) can be seen as performing a search for a satisfying model of some knowledge that is wired into the network's topology and weights. Several equivalent languages are then shown to describe symbolically th...

Dear Sir: There has been a wide spread use of surface charges, a, since Abramson and Muller (1933) first calculated them from the zeta potential, V, obtained from electrokinetic measurements. It has been convenient to express these results in terms of an average separation, b, between ionic charges, e, on the surface. The recent use of charges absorbed on cell membranes as significant factors i...

Telomeric ends of chromosomes, which comprise noncoding repeat sequences of guanine-rich DNA, which are the fundamental in protecting the cell from recombination and degradation. Telomeric DNA sequences can form four stranded quadruplex structures, which are involved in the structure of telomere ends. The formation and stabilization of telomeric quadruplexes has been shown to inhibit the activi...

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. A theoretical approach of our previous experiments reporting the cytoprotective effects of the Valeriana officinalis compounds extract for PD is suggested. In addiction to considering the PD as a result of mitochondrial metabolic imbalance and oxidative stress, such as in our previous in vitro model of rotenone, in ...

The importance of information as a resource for economic growth and education is steadily increasing. Due to technological advances in computer industry and the explosive growth of the Internet much valuable information will be available in digital libraries. This paper introduces a system that aims to support a user's browsing activities in document sets retrieved from a digital library. Laten...

In this paper, we propose to use Deep Neural Net (DNN), which has been recently shown to reduce speech recognition errors significantly, in Computer-Aided Language Learning (CALL) to evaluate English learners’ pronunciations. Multi-layer, stacked Restricted Boltzman Machines (RBMs), are first trained as nonlinear basis functions to represent speech signals succinctly, and the output layer is di...