Background: Cadmium is one of the heavy metals with harmful effects on different body organs and systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the harmful effects of cadmium, as a heavy metal, on the histological structure of bone and the expression of osteocalcin gene. Methods: Forty chickens were obtained, anesthetized and their femurs were surgically removed. The real time polymerase ch...

evidence acquisition a search of pubmed for studies on proximal fifth metatarsal fracture and jones fracture focusing on the classification and management was performed. the reference list of the retrieved articles was searched for additional related studies. conclusions lawrence and botte’s classification of proximal fifth metatarsal fractures is recommended by experts, due to its implication ...

Midface bones are an unusual site for primary presentation and relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Herein, we describe a case of acute pre B cell lymphoblastic leukemia with leukemic infiltration of maxilla and bone marrow involvement. At the time of relapse, the patient presented again with maxilla involvement and the phenotype changed to biphenotypic lymphoblastic leukemia. Our case sug...

Mariliasuchus amarali Carvalho & Bertini, 1999 was a terrestrial quadruped crocodyliform from the Late Cretaceous of Bauru Group, Brazil. In this paper we present first study bone histology species. Moderate growth rate, interspersed by marks, observed in thin sections rib and appendicular bones; patterns M. amaralis appear similar to those Triassic archosauriforms. The cross-sections indic...

Bones are vital and strong, but not invincible—they can be broken. Normally, bones repair themselves. However, sometimes broken must supported using what is called an implant. An implant a man-made device used to replace or support missing part of the human body. In case bone, aims at helping bone regain its natural function. inserting foreign object into body has several possible complications...

abstract background: given the high relapse rate of disease in children with steroid dependent nephrotic syndrome and the osteoporotic effect of long periods of steroid therapy, this survey was performed to find the bone mineral status of these patients.   methods: bone mineral density and content (bmd and bmc) were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in 37 nephrotic children, six g...

congenital vascular lesions occur most often in children. parents of these children take them to maxillofacial surgeons directly or during the treatment of other complications such as infection or jaw bone disorders. various terms now used are unable to describe the pathogenesis and mechanism of the effect of vascular lesions on growth and development of facial bone.  term of hemangioma is used...