We thank Dr Vos and colleagues for providing important additional studies that support the use of long-term azithromycin therapy to treat and, possibly, prevent posttransplant bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). These studies should have been included in our review of chronic macrolide therapy in infl ammatory airways disease 1 but were not available at the time of submission. Their recent...

A novel measurement technique based on the refractive index variation in a compressible flow field is presented. This concept is referred to as “Background Oriented Schlieren” (BOS) method in the following. The differences between BOS and other optical techniques which it can best be compared with, will be discussed. Already the first results illustrate an encouraging prospect for the future ap...

Segregation between a genetic marker and a locus influencing a quantitative trait in a well delineated population is the basis for success in mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL). To detect bovine chromosome 5 (BTA5) birth weight QTL we genotyped 294 F2 Gyr (Bos indicus) x Holstein (Bos taurus) crossbreed cattle for five microsatellite markers. A linkage map was constructed for the markers and...

Acoustic experience critically influences auditory cortical development, as well as emergence of highly selective auditory neurons in the songbird sensorimotor circuit. In adult zebra finches, these ‘song selective’ neurons respond better to the bird’s own song (BOS) than to songs of other conspecifics. Birds learn their songs by memorizing a tutor’s song, and then matching auditory feedback of...

Acoustic experience critically influences auditory cortical development as well as emergence of highly selective auditory neurons in the songbird sensorimotor circuit. In adult zebra finches, these "song-selective" neurons respond better to the bird's own song (BOS) than to songs of other conspecifics. Birds learn their songs by memorizing a tutor's song and then matching auditory feedback of t...

Airway colonisation with Pseudomonads, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is common in lung transplant (LTx) recipients. The current authors investigated whether pseudomonal colonisation affects the prevalence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) after lung transplantation. In the present retrospective study, 92 double (SS)LTx recipients (26 cystic fibrosis (CF) and 66 non-CF patients), w...

During gait the body is in a continuous state of imbalance, with each subsequent step preventing a fall. Gait balance is maintained by regulating the interactions between the center of mass (CoM) and base of support (BoS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the interaction of the CoM position and velocity (CoMv) in relation to the dynamically changing BoS throughout gait. This was qua...

Computer Assisted Simulation Surgery (CASS) is a reliable method that permits oral and maxillofacial surgeons to visualize the position of the maxilla and the mandible as observed in the patient. The purpose of this report was to introduce a newly developed strategy for proximal segment management according to Balanced Orthognathic Surgery (BOS) protocol which is a type of CASS, and to establis...

The study was carried out on eight Bos indicus cattle breeds namely, Sahiwal, Tharparkar, Nimari, Khilari, Deoni, Amritmahal, Hariana and Hilly cattle; two Bos taurus cattle breeds namely, Jersey and Holstein Friesian and Indicine×Taurine crossbred cattle to find out the polymorphic pattern of beta-lactoglobulin gene. The polymorphism at beta-lactoglobulin gene was detected by conducting PCR-RF...