Cloud radar, microwave radiometer, and lidar remote sensing data acquired during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment (ASTEX) are analyzed to address the relationship between (1) drop number concentration and cloud turbulence as represented by vertical velocity and vertical velocity variance and (2) drizzle formation and cloud turbulence. Six cases, each of about 12 hours duration, ...

In his pioneering 1941 papers, Kolmogorov derived that the energy spectrum follows a universial form within a range of wavenumbers removed from both the forcing and dissipation and depending only on the wavenumber and the rate of dissipation. Analysis of the spectral kinetic energy budget can help explain the dynamics of the energy spectrum. Each term in this budget, representing nonlinear tran...

The rotating-flow boundary layer is a special case of the more general threedimensional boundary layer in which the pressure gradient imposed by the outer flow (above the boundary layer) is not in the same direction as the outer flow. The rotating-flow boundary layer thus has motion that is transverse to the streamlines of the outer flow, that is, there is a secondary circulation to the primary...

With the fast-growing graphical user interface (GUI) development workload in Internet industry, some work attempted to generate maintainable front-end code from GUI screenshots. It can be more suitable for using (UI) design drafts that contain UI metadata. However, fragmented layers inevitably appear drafts, which greatly reduces quality of generated code. None existing automated techniques det...