User interfaces are always one of the most important applied and study fields of information technology. The development and expansion of cognitive science studies and functionalization of its tools such as BCI1, as well as popularization of methods such as SSVEP2 to stimulate brain waves, have led to using these techniques every day, especially in appropriate solutions for physically and menta...

Alzheimer disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is an irreversible progressive neurodegenerative condition. It is characterized by the salient inflammatory features, microglial activation and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines which contribute to the inflammatory states of the CNS. Accumulating data suggest the key role of inflammation in AD pathogenesis. In a prospective...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Hemimegalencephaly is a rare but well-known congenital malformation with ipsilateral enlargement of the hemicerebrum. However, very little is known about changes in structures outside the involved hemisphere in patients with this condition. We investigated morphologic abnormalities occurring outside the affected hemisphere by MR imaging in a large series of patients with ...

BACKGROUND Borneol is the processed item from resin of Dryobalanops aromatica Gaertn. f. It can enhance the activity of antioxidant enzymes in brain tissue and reduce inflammatory response by improving the energy metabolism of ischemic brain regions, and thereby reduces brain tissue damage. The objective of this paper was to study the anti-cerebral ischemia effect of borneol and its mechanism. ...

Nitric oxide (NO) formed via neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in renal vasculature and tissues and in the brain plays an important role in controlling renal hemodynamics, renal function, and systemic blood pressure. Activation of parasympathetic nitrergic nerves innervating renal vasculature contributes to vasodilatation in renal arteries and pre- and postglomerular arterioles, an increase...

The book is very comprehensive, covering virtually every aspect of neurosurgery in thirty-two chapters. The first two chapters are on general care and neurology, respectively. I found this to be quite a good set up for the rest of the book, and also serves to make the book a more complete handbook for the neurosurgical resident who will also be managing patients on the floor. The remainder of t...

The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) has a unique anatomical complexity, which is of great clinical importance and involved in many pathologies, such as aneurysm, ischemic stroke, neurovascular compression syndrome (NVCS), arteriovenous malformation (AVM) brain tumour (1).
 PICA sinuous variable trajectory, divided into 5 segments. infarction usually manifests lateral bulbar mor...

The signaling systems underlying eating behavior control are complex. The current review focuses on gastrointestinal (GI) signaling systems as physiological key functions for metabolic control. Many of the peptides that are involved in the regulation of food intake in the brain are also found in the enteric nervous system and enteroendocrine cells of the mucosa of the GI tract. The only identif...

introduction: multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic, autoimmune, and inflammatory nervous system disease. it leads to the loss of myelin in the white matter of brain, spinal cord and optic nerves. as a chronic disease with sudden and unpredictable side effects and complications of the disease will lead to disability and dependency in life. causes neurologic symptoms and sig. the purpose of the p...

OBJECTIVES Pontine tegmental cap dysplasia (PTCD) is a rare congenital malformation. Clinical and imaging findings in 3 patients and the authors' experience with bilateral cochlear implantation in 1 patient are described. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review. SETTING Two tertiary medical centers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Three patients were evaluated by an otolaryngologist and underwent magnetic...