The electrical breakdown characteristics of Na Cl-water mixtures are investigated over the concentration range from pure distilled water to a saturated salt solution at 20°C, The electrode material used is stainless steel and is arranged in a point-plane geometry. The electrode spacing is varced from 1-3 mm giving "average" electric fields as high as 5 MV/m. The voltage and current through the ...

The breakdown voltage and specific electrical capacitance of planar lipid bilayers formed from lipids isolated from the membrane of archaeon Aeropyrum pernix K1 as a function of temperature were studied and compared with data obtained previously in MD simulation studies. Temperature dependence of breakdown voltage and specific electrical capacitance was measured also for dipalmitoylphosphatidyl...

As single tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) sensor performance in modern high-speed applications is limited by breakdown voltage and saturation of the sensitivity, for higher voltage applications (i.e., compatible to 1.8 V, 3.3 V or 5 V standards) practically only a series connection can be applied. Thus, in this study we focused on sensitivity, 3 dB bandwidth and sensitivity-bandwidth product (...

One of the key limitations of state-of-the-art fine linewidth CMOS technologies is the restricted power-supply voltage, limited by the low junction-breakdown voltage of the process and by the thin gate oxide, prone to voltage stress and breakdown. Also, in some applications, the available external power source may limit the supply voltage; for example, this source may be a 1.2 V battery, with a...

The restrike of vacuum circuit breaker during the breaking process causes overvoltage and intensifies insulation deterioration high-voltage equipment. To solve this problem, aging test method characteristics are researched. A withstand voltage platform 40.5-kV was established to obtain effects contact spacing loop inrush currents on number restrike, wavefront steepness breakdown voltage, durati...

Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is a hydrophilic polymer, known to be capable to fuse numerous single cells in vitro, to join the membranes of adjacent neurons and giant invertebrate axons, and to seal damaged neural membranes. The molecular mechanism of the action of PEG is still unknown. It is believed that PEG dehydrates membranes and enables their structural components to resolve and rearrange in...

Microfabricated surface ion traps are a principle component of many ion-based quantum information science platforms. The operational parameters these devices pushed to the edge their physical capabilities as experiments strive for increasing performance. When applied radio-frequency (RF) voltage is increased too much, can experience damaging electric discharge events known RF breakdown. We intr...

This paper reports the design, fabrication and characterization of high voltage 4H-SiC merged PiN/Schottky-barrier (MPS) diodes with an active area of 1.4mm. For comparison purposes, Schottky barrier, PiN and MPS diodes of smaller size (8.1x10mm) have also been designed and fabricated on the same wafer with a 30μm, n=2x10cm doped drift layer. The Schottky spacing between the adjacent p+ regions...

When steep lightning surge enters a pole-mounted distribution transformer, the voltage distribution of the internal windings is unbalanced. It is known that a layer-to-layer short or a turn-to-turn short occurs where the voltage distribution of windings is high. In this paper, the voltage distribution of the windings was measured at the primary and secondary sides of the transformer using a tes...