Keberhasilan pemberian ASI kepada bayinya tidak terlepas dari berbagai permsalahan, salah satunya adalam masalah pada payudara ibu. Salah satu umum yang berhubungan dengan menyusui adalah pembengkakan (breast engorgement). Berdasarkan data Riskesdas tahun 2018 , diketahui terdapat beberapa gangguan masa nfas, seperti perdarahan jalan lahir sebanyak 1,05%, infeksi 0,94%, bengkak kaki, tangan dan...

BACKGROUND Mastitis constitutes an important risk factor in HIV vertical transmission. Very little, however, is known on how women in sub-Saharan Africa conceptualise health problems related to breastfeeding, such as mastitis, and how they act when sick. We aimed at filling this gap in knowledge, by documenting the indigenous nosography of mastitis, health seeking behaviour, and remedies for pr...

A 34-year-old gravida was diagnosed with hydrops fetalis, hydrothorax with cardiac compression, hygroma, ascites, and subcutaneous edema at 20 weeks of gestation. The peak systolic umbilical artery and middle cerebral artery velocities were 30 cm/sec and 28 cm/sec, respectively. The umbilical vein demonstrated a lowamplitude blunted waveform. The cerebral venous sinuses were imaged by color Dop...

The prevalence of breastfeeding for the first 6 months in infants has been low in Hong Kong since the 1970s. In order to develop effective breastfeeding policies and promotion programs, an appraisal of feeding practices and factors related to initiation and early cessation of breastfeeding is necessary. A survey with a population-based representative sample was conducted to determine social-dem...

BACKGROUND Understanding and quantification of the risk of Lyme borreliosis after a tick bite can aid development of prevention strategies against Lyme borreliosis. METHODS We used 3,525 single tick bite reports from three large prospective studies on the transmission risk of tick-borne pathogens to humans, with 50 reports of Lyme borreliosis during the follow-up period, among 1,973 reports w...

Ticks are distributed worldwide and affect human and animal health by transmitting diverse infectious agents. Effective vaccines against most tick-borne pathogens are not currently available. In this study, we characterized a tick histamine release factor (tHRF) from Ixodes scapularis and addressed the vaccine potential of this antigen in the context of tick engorgement and B. burgdorferi trans...

Most female ixodid ticks, once mated, feed to repletion within 6-10 days. Previous studies indicate that an engorgement factor (EF), passed to the female during copulation, may be the stimulus for engorgement. Here, we show that extracts of the testis/vas deferens of fed (but not unfed) male Amblyomma hebraeum contain EF bioactivity when injected into the hemocoel of feeding virgins. We have pr...

Changes in hepatic venous resistance were estimated in rabbits from the hepatic venular-inferior vena caval pressure gradient [servo-null micropipettes in 49 ± 15 (SD) μm vessels] and the total hepatic blood flow (ultrasound probe encircling the hepatic artery and the portal vein). Changes in liver volume, and thus vascular capacitance, were estimated from measures of the liver lobe thickness. ...

Many hematophagous arthropods are stimulated by blood constituents to initiate feeding. We used a membrane-based feeding system to identify chemicals that stimulate acceptance and engorgement responses in various life stages of bed bugs. Water was fortified with a variety of compounds (e.g. salts, amino acids, vitamins, nucleotides, cholesterol and fatty acids) in these bioassays. ATP was the m...