objective: breath holding spells, very often misinterpreted as epileptic seizures, are most common in children aged 6 months to 6 years of age. in this investigation, we sought to prospectively document the natural history of breath holding spells (bhs) among children with cyanotic, pallid and mixed type bhs referred for neurological consultation. materials & methods: this was a cross-sectional...

Breath holding was used as the basis of a simple test of respiratory chemosensitivity. Breath holding was begun at selected degrees of hypercapnia produced by CO2 rebreathing. In 16 healthy control subjects there was a linear regression of the log of breath-holding time on the PCO2 at the start of breath holding. Breath-holding time (BHT) and the slope of a log BHT/Pco2 plot were closely correl...

Introduction: In this study, the patients diagnosed with breath holding spell (BHS) or anoxic epileptic seizures and initiated at least one out of iron piracetam levetiracetam therapies were evaluated. Material Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 194 BHS patients. Iron therapy was in case deficiency anemia ferritin values under 12 ng/dl even if there no anemia. The having anemia, low administ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In the past, functional MR imaging techniques have been used successfully to determine cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) to various stimuli, complementing the arsenal of functional brain investigations feasible with MR imaging. While previous studies have focused on blood oxygenation changes under vasodilatory stress, the aim of this study was to assess regional cerebral b...

Introduction. The aim of the study was to compare the breath-holding test and single-breath carbon dioxide test in evaluation of the peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity to carbon dioxide in healthy subjects of different age. Methods. The study involved 47 healthy volunteers between ages of 25 and 85 years. All participants were divided into 4 groups according to age: 25 to 44 years (n = 14), 45 ...

We hypothesized that the perfusion heterogeneity in the human, upright lung is determined by nongravitational more than gravitational factors. Twelve and six subjects were studied during two series of parabolic flights. We used cardiogenic oscillations of O(2)/SF(6) as an indirect estimate of intraregional perfusion heterogeneity (series 1) and phase IV amplitude (P(4)) as a indirect estimate o...

Breath-holding spells are benign, paroxysmal events with apnea and postural tone changes after a crying episode in infants. The objective of this study was to investigate the pathologies in brain metabolite values in the absence of seizure in children with breath-holding spells by using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Brain MRS examination was performed on 18 children with breath-holding...

Breath holding time is the time taken by the subject to hold his breath as long as he can. During voluntary breath holding, tissues continue to utilize oxygen and liberate carbon dioxide. Therefore during breath holding arterial pO2 falls and pCO2 rises. Since both these factors are powerful respiratory stimulants, a point is reached where the respiratory drive becomes so strong that the person...