[1] We argue that by fracturing rock, not by raising it relative to base level, tectonics plays its most important role in causing rapid incision of valleys and rapid erosion of hillslopes. Tectonic deformation riddles the upper crust with fractures, which not only provide avenues for water flow and thus promote weathering and further disintegration of rock but also fragment bedrock into debris...

Amyloid fibrils are most often associated with their pathological role in diseases like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, but they are now increasingly being considered for uses in functional engineering materials. They are among the stiffest protein fibers known but they are also rather brittle, and it is unclear how this combination of properties affects the behavior of amyloid str...

The total rate of rock deformation results from competing deformation processes, including ductile and brittle mechanisms. Particular deformation styles arise from the dominance of certain mechanisms over others at different ambient conditions. Surprisingly, rates of deformation in naturally deformed rocks are found to cluster around two extremes, representing coseismic slip rates or viscous cr...

The deformation characteristics of GaSb are investigated by employing nano-scratch tests to understand the material removal mechanism during ultra-precision grinding. nano-scratches obtained a cube-corner tip under two linear normal load conditions (0–30 mN and 0–60 mN). force/scratch distance-penetration depth curves chips cracks analyzed transition ductile brittle removal. In addition, maximu...

S U M M A R Y Many unresolved questions in geodynamics revolve around the physical behaviour of the two-phase system of a silicate melt percolating through and interacting with a tectonically deforming host rock. Well-accepted equations exist to describe the physics of such systems and several previous studies have successfully implemented various forms of these equations in numerical models. T...

Cone-in-cone (CIC) and beef (BF) carbonate lenses ornament detachment zone faults underlying Triassic growth basins on Edgeøya. Field relationships place CIC and BF growth as during early diagenesis and a transition from hydroplastic to a later brittle-style of faulting that is marked by coarser calcite veining. Deformation is constrained to have occurred at<300 m depth. Multiple models exist f...

This chapter presents the energy dissipation approach for analyzing surface contact damages in various materials, including composite materials. As known, surface contact is a very common phenomenon, which can be found in daily life and many scientific and engineering problems. The contact of different bodies can be modeled as indentation. Analysis of indentation and modeling of the deformation...