Borgeskov, S. and Francis, D. (1974). Thorax, 29, 352-354. A comparison between fine-needle biopsy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with lung lesions. We present a series of 40 patients with lung lesions in whom a specific diagnosis was not obtained by conventional methods of examination and in whom tumour was not visualized directly by bronchoscopy with a flexible bronchoscope. Bronchia...

The lungs and oral cavity of smokers are exposed to tobacco carcinogens. We hypothesized that tobacco-induced molecular alterations in the oral epithelium are similar to those in the lungs, and thus the oral epithelium may be used as a surrogate tissue for assessing alterations in the lungs. We used methylation-specific PCR to analyze promoter methylation of the p16 and FHIT genes at baseline a...

  Objective: Microbial plaque is among the main etiologies of periodontal disease, and tooth brushing with toothpaste is the most commonly used method of plaque control. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of tooth brushing with and without three different dentifrices.   Methods: Thirty dental students were randomly selected to participate in this clinical trial and were asked to refrain f...

In this day and age, people not only deal with data but deal with vast amounts of data which needs to be sorted and made sense of. A subset of these people are intelligence analysts who sort through an enormous amount of data that need to be organized to uncover plots and subplots. We are proposing a tool called BABES (Brushing+Linking, Attributes, and Blobs Extension to Storyboard) that will e...

We present a novel feedback technique for tooth brushing. Brushing sounds were manipulated and were found to alter the user’s impression. In our experiment, brushing sounds recorded by a microphone in the toothbrush are manipulated and presented to the users in real-time. We demonstrate that frequency manipulation affects feelings of comfort and accomplishment when sound levels are amplified. W...

This paper proposes a conceptual model called compound brushing for modeling the brushing techniques used in dynamic data visualization. In this approach brushing techniques are modeled as higraphs with five types of basic entities: data, selection, device, renderer, and transformation. Using this model, a flexible visual programming tool is designed not only to configure/control various common...

BACKGROUND Information bias can occur in epidemiological studies and compromise scientific outcomes, especially when evaluating information given by a patient regarding their own health. The oral habits of children reported by their mothers are commonly used to evaluate tooth brushing practices and to estimate fluoride intake by children. The aim of the present study was to compare observed too...

the relationship between mycoplasma pneumoniae (mp) infection and asthma has rarely been explored through examination of airway reactivity. the aim of this study was to determine airway reactivity changes after mp infection in children. first, 106 children were divided into four groups according to the existence of mp infection and/or asthma. then children with only mp belonged to the mp group;...

Sampling various compartments within the lower airways to examine human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) is essential for understanding numerous lung diseases. Conventional methods to identify HBEC in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and wash (BW) have throughput limitations in terms of efficiency and ensuring adequate cell numbers for quantification. Flow cytometry can provide high-throughput qua...

Rationale: Convincing evidence of epithelial damage and aberrant repair exists in adult asthmatic airways even in the absence of inflammation. However, comparable studies in children have been limited by access and availability of clinical samples. Objectives: To determine whether bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic children are inherently distinct from those obtained from non-asthmatic c...