The use of plant functional traits has become increasingly popular in ecological studies because plant functional traits help to understand key ecological processes in plant species and communities. This also includes changes in diversity, inter- and intraspecific interactions, and relationships of species at different spatiotemporal scales. Leaf traits are among the most important traits as th...

Anatomical studies in the leaflet globoid galls of Caryocar brasiliense, the “pequi”, aimed to answer how oviposition and the feeding behavior of the galling herbivores altered the morphogenetical patterns of the host plant. C. brasiliense globoid gall was (1.28 ± 0.20) mm × (0.90 ± 0.25) mm, with hairy surface; it is sessile and projected to the abaxial surface. Young galls were red while the ...

We i nvestigate the optical phenomenon responsible for the colored shine that sometimes a ppears at the surface of ink layers i n t he s pecular direction, o ften ca lled bronzing or gloss di fferential. I t seems to co me from the w avelengthdependent refractive index of t he ink, which induces a wavelength-dependent reflectance of t he i nk-air interface. Our experiments o n c yan and magenta...

Leaves are packed in a bud in different ways, being flat, enrolled, or folded, but always filling the whole bud volume. This « filling law » has many consequences, in particular on the shape of growing folded leaves. This is shown here for different types of folding and packing. The folded volume is always part of an ellipsoid, with the veins on the outside rounded face, and the lamina margin o...

The aim of this study is to understand the parameters regulating calcium ion distribution in leaves. Accumulation of ions in leaf tissue is in part dependent on import from the xylem. This import via the transpiration stream is more important for ions such as calcium that are xylem but not phloem mobile and cannot therefore be retranslocated. Accumulation of calcium was measured on bulk coriand...

The planning target volume (PTV) includes the clinical target volume (CTV) to be irradiated and a margin to account for uncertainties in the treatment process. Uncertainties in miniature multileaf collimator (mMLC) leaf positioning, CT scanner spatial localization, CT-MRI image fusion spatial localization, and Gill-Thomas-Cosman (GTC) relocatable head frame repositioning were quantified for the...

There are many chimeral plants induced by somatic cell mutation in nature. It can be expected that protoplasts from somatic cell mutants of chimeral plants are useful materials for plant breeding and genetics, because various mutant plants could be obtained from mutant cells. This investigation was initiated to determine if s'n vitro protoplast curtures could be utilized to obtain mutant plants...

In Arabidopsis thaliana, the BEL1-like TALE homeodomain protein family consists of 13 members that form heterodimeric complexes with the Class 1 KNOX TALE homeodomain proteins, including SHOOTMERISTEMLESS (STM) and BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP). The BEL1-like protein BELLRINGER (BLR) functions together with STM and BP in the shoot apex to regulate meristem identity and function and to promote correct sh...

In this paper, we present a new method to recognise the leaf type and identify plant species using phenetic parts of the leaf; lobes, apex and base detection. Most of the research in this area focuses on the popular features such as the shape, colour, vein, and texture, which consumes large amounts of computational processing and are not efficient, especially in the Acer database with a high co...