Using molecular dynamics, we study the nucleation and stability of bulk nanobubble clusters. We study the formation, growth, and final size of bulk nanobubbles. We find that, as long as the bubble-bubble interspacing is small enough, bulk nanobubbles are stable against dissolution. Simple diffusion calculations provide an excellent match with the simulation results, giving insight into the reas...

Water under tension, as can be found in several systems including tree vessels, is metastable. Cavitation can spontaneously occur, nucleating a bubble. We investigate the dynamics of spontaneous or triggered cavitation inside water filled microcavities of a hydrogel. Results show that a stable bubble is created in only a microsecond time scale, after transient oscillations. Then, a diffusion dr...

Water under tension, as can be found in several systems including tree vessels, is metastable. Cavitation can spontaneously occur, nucleating a bubble. We investigate the dynamics of spontaneous or triggered cavitation inside water filled microcavities of a hydrogel. Results show that a stable bubble is created in only a microsecond timescale, after transient oscillations. Then, a diffusion dri...

The basic properties of oscillons – localized, long-lived, time-dependent scalar field configurations – are briefly reviewed, including recent results demonstrating how their existence depends on the dimensionality of spacetime. Their role on the dynamics of phase transitions is discussed, and it is shown that oscillons may greatly accelerate the decay of metastable vacuum states. This mechanis...

We estimate bubble-nucleation rates for cosmological phase transitions. We concentrate on the evaluation of the pre-exponential factor, for which we give approximate analytical expressions. Our approach relies on the use of a real coarse-grained potential. The consistency of the calculation implies that the coarse-graining scale must be larger than the typical scale of the critical bubble. We s...

An investigation of the process by which bubbles form in superheated liquid-liquid emulsions is reported. A theoretical model for the rate of bubble nucleation is developed that is valid for any binary liquid system. Because of the interesting "microexplosion" phenomenon postulated to occur during combustion of fuel/water emulsions, special attention is focused on hydrocarbon/ water/surfactant ...

We discuss the processes of brane bubble nucleation induced by the external branes. The quasiclassical solution for the nucleation by the single external brane has been found in the case when the brane junctions are possible. Exponential factor in the production rate has been calculated. The process induced by the fundamental or D string in the background of two D3 branes is analyzed and its in...

We calculate analytically the bubble nucleation rate in a model of rst order in ation which is able to produce large scale structure. The computation includes the rst-order departure from the thin-wall limit, the explicit derivation of the pre-exponential factor, and the gravitational correction. The resulting bubble spectrum is then compared with constraints from the large scale structure and ...

Cosmological phase transitions may have played important roles in shaping the present Universe. If the transition is of the rst order, it proceeds with the nucleation of new-phase bubbles and their growth. The details of the bubble dynamics can aaect the consequencies of the phase transition. For example, baryogenesis in the course of the electroweak phase transition is known to depend on the b...