The authors present a new, observationally based estimate of the atmospheric energy budget for the Antarctic polar cap (the region poleward of 708S). This energy budget is constructed using state-of-the-art reanalysis products from ECMWF [the ECMWF Interim Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim)] and Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes for the period ...

OBJECTIVES There is growing recognition that a comprehensive economic assessment of a new health-care intervention at the time of launch requires both a cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and a budget impact analysis (BIA). National regulatory agencies such as the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in England and Wales and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee in Aust...

In 2002, a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) was introduced to French infants and toddlers. A change has been witnessed in the incidence of pneumococcal diseases in adults: the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) of serotypes covered by PCV decreased, and serotypes not covered by PCV increased. This study aimed to quantify the public health and budget impact of pneumococcal vacc...

BACKGROUND Diverticular Disease (DD) is a common condition in Italy and in other western countries. There is not much data concerning DD's impact on budget and activity in hospitals. METHODS The aim is to detect the clinical workload and the financial impact of diverticular disease in hospitals.Retrospective observational study of all patients treated for diverticular disease during the perio...

We analyze the relationship between senate malapportionment and the allocation of the US federal budget to the states during the period 1978-2002. A substantial literature originating from the influential paper by Atlas et al. (1995) finds that small and overrepresented states get significantly larger shares of federal funds. We show that these studies suffer from fundamental identification pro...

We analyze the relationship between senate malapportionment and the allocation of the US federal budget to the states during the period 1978-2002. A substantial literature originating from the influential paper by Atlas et al. (1995) finds that small and overrepresented states get significantly larger shares of federal funds. We show that these studies suffer from fundamental identification pro...

The possible tradeoffs depend upon different criteria (e.g. system availability, operational risk), whose relative importance is in turn imposed by the mission characteristics (e.g. recurring satellite routine operations, human spaceflight, LEOP). A methodology, issued from the optimization field, is first defined in order to evaluate the impact of these tradeoffs on the considered criteria. Th...

When the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) "scores" legislation, or assesses the likely cost impact, it requires substantial evidence that a cost-saving initiative has historically achieved savings. The agency has difficulty addressing the impact of multiple changes made simultaneously without historical precedent where there is an interaction effect among proposed changes. This study examines ...