Humans frequently need to allocate resources across multiple time-steps. Economic theory proposes that subjects do so according to a stable set of intertemporal preferences, but the computational demands of such decisions encourage the use of formally less competent heuristics. Few empirical studies have examined dynamic resource allocation decisions systematically. Here we conducted an experim...

 Confirmed decrease in tube exchange rate from in some studies 25% to 2%. (2) The advantages of this include, time saving, possible cost saving and less trauma and intubation stress.  Reduced environmental pollution has been shown with levels of volatile and nitrous in the operating theatre significantly reduced. (2) (Not to mention keeping the greenies happy).  Low flow anaesthesia is possi...

We propose efficient intermodal transportation auctions for the B2B e-commerce logistics problem (ELP). This paper is among the first to consider transaction costs into auctions. In the ELP, the shipper is a B2B e-commerce platform by which a number of online orders between goods sellers and buyers are generated, and 3PLs (third-party logistics providers) can fulfill these online orders. The sh...

Topology control is an important feature for energy saving, and many topology control protocols have been proposed. Yet, little work has been done on quantitatively measuring practical performance gains that topology control achieves in a real sensor network. This is because many existing protocols either are too complex or make too impractical assumptions for a practical implementation and ana...

We consider the problem of firefighting to save a critical subset of nodes. The firefighting game is a turn-based game played on a graph, where the fire spreads to vertices in a breadth-first manner from a source, and firefighters can be placed on yet unburnt vertices on alternate rounds to block the fire. In this work, we consider the problem of saving a critical subset of nodes from catching ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DhP) is a very cost effective anti-malarial drug. The aim of this study was to predict the budget impact of using DhP as a first- or second-line drug to treat uncomplicated malaria in children in Tanzania. METHODS A dynamic Markov decision model was developed based on clinical and epidemiological data to estimate annual cases of malaria...

Multicast routing uses a structure, either a tree or a mesh, to connect the receivers to the source, thus saving the bandwidth. How to share the cost among the receivers in a certain fair way has been studied widely in literature. When the agents, either the links or the nodes, in the network are selfish, it is desirable to pay the agents in a proper way such that each agent still reveals its t...

AIMS This study presents a cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis comparing cost and outcomes for UK patients with COPD treated with either tiotropium, ipratropium or salmeterol. METHODS A previously-published COPD cost-effectiveness model was adapted for the UK, then used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of tiotropium compared to salmeterol and ipratropium. Additional epidemiologica...

This paper examines the long term profile of fiscal deficit and debt relative to GDP in India, with a view to analysing debt-deficit sustainability issues along with the considerations relevant for determining suitable medium and short-term fiscal policy stance. The impact of debt and fiscal deficit on growth and interest rates that arises from their effect on saving and investment are critical...