Mitral incompetence appearing in connexion with acute coronary heart disease without papillary muscle rupture has not received much attention until recently. Castex (1933) presented eight patients with electrocardiographic findings of inferior myocardial infarction and with an apical murmur of mitral incompetence as a distinct clinical syndrome. Nezlin and Shamesova (1951) paid attention to the...

Automated blood sampling (ABS) systems have been increasingly employed in biomedical research since the mid-1990s for use in pharmacokinetic, safety pharmacology, metabolism, biomarker and other studies in industry and academia. Originally conceived with the purpose of reducing animal use and stress, this article reviews the contribution of ABS systems to the 3Rs concept of Russell and Burch (1).

INTRODUCTION Surgery represents the main therapeutic modality for stress urinary incontinence. In incontinent patients with urethral hypermobility, the retropubic colposuspension by Burch technique is one of the surgeries that present better long-term results. Current trends towards performing minimally invasive techniques led proposing the Burch surgery through videolaparoscopy. The laparoscop...

BACKGROUND The open Burch colposuspension, first described in 1961 had been widely employed for the surgical treatment of women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) caused by urethral hypermobility. We evaluated the long-term efficacy of laparoscopic Burch colposuspension (LBC) for SUI in women. METHODS A randomized prospective trial was conducted from September 2010 to January 2013. The ex...

Michael Balls, Alan M. Goldberg, Julia H. Fentem, Caren L. Broadhead, Rex L. Burch, Michael F.W. Festing. John M. Frazier, Coenraad F.M. Hendriksen, Margaret Jennings, Margot D.O. van der Kamp, David B. Morton, Andrew N. Rowan, Claire Russell, William M.S. Russell, Horst Spielmann, Martin L. Stephens, William S. Stokes, Donald W. Straughan, James D. Yager, 18 Joanne Zurlo and Bert F.M. van Zutphen

Innate immunity in plants and animals is mediated through pattern recognition receptors, which were thought to initiate signaling in the cytoplasm to activate defense pathways. Shen et al. (2006) and Burch-Smith et al. (2007) now provide compelling evidence that certain plant disease resistance proteins, which detect specific pathogenic effectors, act in the nucleus to trigger downstream signal...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the complication rates of tension-free midurethral slings compared with other surgical treatments for stress urinary incontinence, including other tension-free midurethral slings. METHODS A systematic review of the literature using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science was performed in January 2007. Meta-analysis was conducted by using the Review Manager software 4.2. R...