Most experts agree (Piatetsky-Shapiro, 2000; Thearling, 2007) that data mining began in the 1960s with the advent of computers that could store and process large amounts of data. In the 1980s, data mining became more common and widespread with the distribution of relational databases and SQL. In the 1990s, business saw a boom in data mining as desktop computers and powerful server-class compute...

rural economy has an important role in rural sustainable development in every region or country. however, the rural economy in iran is too much depending on agriculture and development of other rural economy in particular nonfarm activities, has been neglected by iranian rural communities. therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the role of non-farm business on rural sustainable develo...

This paper presents an adjoint method for the calculation of remote sensitivities in supersonic flow. The goal is to develop a set of adjoint equations and their corresponding boundary conditions in order to quantify the influence of geometry modifications on the pressure distribution at an arbitrary location within the domain of interest. First, this paper presents the formulation and discreti...

In this paper we use a modified neoclassical business cycle model to test two competing explanations of the expansion of the 1990s. The model can have indeterminate, multiple equilibria that give rise to expectation-driven business cycles. We fit into the model series of estimated speculative and productivity shocks and compare its predictions with empirical data. Our results suggest that the s...

The reduced accuracy of credit ratings on structured finance products in the boom just preceding the financial crisis has prompted investigation into the business of Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs). While CRAs have long held that reputational concerns discipline their behavior, the value of reputation depends on economic fundamentals that vary over the business cycle. We analyze a dynamic model o...

We propose a simple agent-based macroeconomic model in which firms hold heterogeneous sales expectations. A firm may either optimistically expect an increase in its sales or pessimistically expect the opposite. Whether a given firm is optimistic or pessimistic depends on macroeconomic conditions and the average mood prevailing within its social/local neighborhood. For instance, the probability ...