presently, conflict rules have gone beyond inflexible and purposeless physical connection factors and have approached instrumentalism and economic functions.  this evolution defined as rule utilitarianism in conflict of laws and determination of applicable law to product liability in rome ii regulations in this manner.  protection of consumers in this category has been said to be the foundation...

      The French law, contrary to the Iranian law, has given the mother a kind of representation for guardianship and training of the child. This is a development that was established in France in 1970, and in Article 6 of the Iranian Family Protection Act of 2012, the granting of representation to the mother over the legal procedure for demand of the child or the incompetent has been entrusted...

Background: There are many cases in which the accused does not deserve to be detained and is detained without observing the legal terms and conditions or imprisoned due to a judicial error. In such cases, compensation for an innocent detainee is an important issue that needs to be addressed due to the violation of the fundamental rights of individuals. Therefore, the purpose of the present stud...

according to common law rules of england, obligation by one party is enforceable when the other has provided a consideration or the contract has been put in a deed. in some common law jurisdictions, such as australia, canada and the united states, another doctrine, named reasonable reliance, has developed, which could act as surrogate for the doctrine of consideration. english courts, however, ...

this article contains an analysis of the iranian, german and austrian law of shares as securities. stocks are issued to the capital market with a view for them to circulate among market participants. iranian legal scholarship has seen a debate on the nature of shares. some classify them as property while other classifies them as obligations. the distinction is of interest because certain rules ...

The Constitution and domestic legislation of the Islamic Republic Iran is distinguished by its specific attitude not only to norms Muslim law, but also provisions international law. recognizes undoubted priority law over legislative acts adopted Majlis country, Iran. At same time, are equated Iranian legislator with legal conflicts between arising in connection this position spiritual secular a...