introduction: the aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the correlation between accuracy of root zx electronic foramen locator and root canal curvature. methods and materials: one hundred and ten extracted mandibular molars were selected. access cavity was prepared and coronal enlargement of mesiobuccal canal was performed. a #10 flexofile was inserted into the mesiobuccal canal, and a rad...

Plant root systems can respond to nutrient availability and distribution by changing the three-dimensional deployment of their roots: their root system architecture (RSA). We have compared RSA in homogeneous and heterogeneous nitrate and phosphate supply in Arabidopsis. Changes in nitrate and phosphate availability were found to have contrasting effects on primary root length and lateral root d...

water deficiency is one of the most important factors for limiting crop yield in arid and semiarid regions. symbiosis with a variety of microorganisms in these regions is one of the modern ecological approaches for sustainable agriculture to reduce damages caused by environmental stresses. symbiotic of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (am) with the roots of crops has shown positive effects on agric...

introduction: the exact measurement of the root canal length is of great importance in root canal therapy. although, determination of the root canal length through radiography is the most common method, recently electronic apex locators are being used to determine working length and decrease the number of radiographs. the purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of an electronic apex l...

two groups of olive cultivars were characterized as showing low (tokhmkabki) and high (roghani) rooting percentage after application of iba treatment. semi-hard wood cuttings were dipped in h 2 2 o 2 (0-3.5% w/v) and iba (4000 mg.l -1 ) and also they were investigated in combination. h 2 o 2 alone did not stimulate rooting of olive cuttings and there were no significant differences between this...

some growth parameters of pea (cv. pleven 4) and vetch (cv. obrazets 666) after treatment with organic fertilizer were studied in a field trial carried out at the institute of forage crops, pleven, bulgaria. humustim as organic fertilizer was applied through presowing treatment of seeds, treatment during vegetation and combination between both, at different doses. ratios of aboveground weight t...

Subsoil compaction can result in unfavourable soil physical conditions and hinder the root growth of maize. The effects of deep tillage and conventional tillage on soil physical properties and root growth of maize were studied during 2010–2011 at two sites (loam at Hebi and clay at Luohe) in central China. The results showed that soil penetration resistance, bulk density, water content and root...