effect of methanolic leaf extract of moringa oleifera for the stabilization of butter oil with modified fatty acid profile at ambient temperature was investigated. twelve sahiwal cows of first and early lactation were randomly stratified into two groups in a completely randomized design and fatty acid profile of milk fat was modified by feeding 300 grams calcium salts of fatty acids (per cow pe...

Since both carotene and vitamin A yield a blue color with SbCla, attempts to determine t,he vitamin quantitatively in a mixture depend, among other things (1, 2)) upon the accuracy with which the blue color due to carotene can be estimated. Values published for the blue equivalent of carotene range from 3.5 to 13, calculated as micrograms of apparent vitamin A per 100 y of carotene (3). This di...

Up to the 19th-century, fat was relatively expensive and butter was a luxury. The poor lived mainly on potatoes and bread, which were cheap, supplemented whenever possible with whatever source of protein and fat they could afford. Not surprisingly, mortality was high amongst the poorer classes. To fill the gap in the market cheap substitutes for butter began to be produced in the last quarter o...