Early workers in the field of ruminant physiology were aware of the presence of formic, acetic, propionic and butyric acids (Tappeiner, 1884), and of smaller amounts of higher members of the saturated fatty acid series (Mangold, 1934), in the rumen fluid. Accurate data were not reported, however, until recently, when partition chromatography became available as an analytical procedure for the a...

BACKGROUND Recent progress in production of various biofuel precursors and molecules, such as fatty acids, alcohols and alka(e)nes, is a significant step forward for replacing the fossil fuels with renewable fuels. A two-step process, where fatty acids from sugars are produced in the first step and then converted to corresponding biofuel molecules in the second step, seems more viable and attra...

Butanol, butyric acid and butyraldehyde are important 4-carbon oxychemicals typically generated from petro-chemical sources. All have significant markets in the food industry either for direct use as flavorings or as chemical feedstocks for generating butyric acid and butyraldehyde derived flavour compounds. Strong consumer sentiment against the consumption of petro-chemical derived products yi...

Glycerol is converted to a mixture of butyric and isobutyric acid by rhodium- or iridium-catalysed carbonylation using HI as the co-catalyst. The initial reaction of glycerol with HI results in several intermediates that lead to isopropyl iodide, which upon carbonylation forms butyric and isobutyric acid. At low HI concentration, the intermediate allyl iodide undergoes carbonylation to give vin...

Adventitious roots, generated using leaf explants of P. nodiflora, and meristem explants of L. reticulata, were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with napthylacetic acid (2 microM) and indole butyric acid (3 microM) respectively. After 30 days, subculturing of roots in liquid MS medium with napthylacetic acid (1.5 microM) for P. nodiflora and indole butyric acid (3 microM...

During studies of bacteria isolated from rumen contents, several workers have encountered anaerobic, gram negative, butyric acid-producing curved rods (Hungate, 1950; Huhtanen and Gall, 1952; and Wilson, 1953). Bryant and Burkey (1953a) published brief descriptions of three groups of anaerobic, motile, curved rods. Further studies have shown that four fundamentally different kinds of bacteria w...

Lignocellulosic biomass is a renewable source with great potential for biofuels and bioproducts. However, the cost of cellulolytic enzymes limits the utilization of the low-cost bioresource. This study aimed to develop a consolidated bioprocessing without the need of supplementary cellulase for butyric acid production from lignocellulosic biomass. A stirred-tank reactor with a working volume of...

In an attempt to clarify the hepatic insufficiency in obstructive jaundice, hepatic metabolic rate of n-butyric acid, ketogenesis and CO2 formation from butyric acid were investigated using liver slices obtained from rats subjected to choledochal ligation or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injection. The hepatic metabolic rate of n-butyric acid was reduced with the prolongation of biliary obstructi...

The kinetics of carboxylic acid methylation by chloromethane (CH3Cl) in myceliaaf the fungus Phellinus pomaceus were examined. Substantial incorporation of C2H3into ester was observed within 5 min of addition of C2H3Cl to washed mycelia in the presence of the non-physiological acceptor butyric acid, rendering it unlikely that CH3Cl was converted to a diffusible intermediate before acting as met...