"Screening" packs comprising 10 lots each of codfish cake, corned beef, and pork sausage, each lot containing about 10(6) spores of a different strain (five type A and five type B) of Clostridium botulinum per can, were irradiated at -30 +/- 10 C with a series of increasing doses (20 replicate cans/dose) of (60)Co gamma rays. The cans were incubated for 3 months at 30 C and examined for swellin...

UNLABELLED Heat treatment is an important controlling factor that, in combination with other hurdles (e.g., pH, aw), is used to reduce numbers and prevent the growth of and associated neurotoxin formation by nonproteolytic C. botulinum in chilled foods. It is generally agreed that a heating process that reduces the spore concentration by a factor of 10(6) is an acceptable barrier in relation to...

Liver is a reliable matrix for laboratory confirmation of avian botulism using real-time PCR. Here, we developed, optimized, and validated the analytical steps preceding PCR to maximize the detection of Clostridium botulinum group III in avian liver. These pre-PCR steps included enrichment incubation of the whole liver (maximum 25 g) at 37°C for at least 24 h in an anaerobic chamber and DNA ext...

Emerging Infectious Diseases • www.cdc.gov/eid • Vol. 13, No. 6, June 2007 943 single-source exposure with C. botulinum type B in at least 3 IDUs; this implies that the heroin was obtained from a common source, where contamination with C. botulinum spores may have been introduced when mixed with adulterants or diluted with substances such as dextrose or dyed paper. Skin popping (subcutaneous an...

To evaluate disinfection methods for environments contaminated with bioterrorism-associated microorganism (Bacillus anthracis), we performed the following experiments. First, the sporicidal effects of sodium hypochlorite on spores of five bacterial species were evaluated. Bacillus atrophaeus was the most resistant to hypochlorite, followed in order by B. anthracis, Clostridium botulinum and Clo...

Background: Botulism is an acute and rapidly progressive descending paralytic disease caused by a neurotoxin of clostridium botulinum. Case presentation: A 28-year-old woman presented with severe generalized ascending symmetrical muscle paralysis. The patient was intubated and transferred to the medical intensive care unit with several symptoms including: severe headache, dysphagia, dyspnea, p...

We have produced data and developed analysis to build representations for the concentration of spores of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum in materials that are used during the manufacture of minimally processed chilled foods in the United Kingdom. Food materials are categorized into homogenous groups which include meat, fish, shellfish, cereals, fresh plant material, dairy liquid, dairy non...

C. botulinum adalah salah satu bakteri paling patogen karena dapat menghasilkan neurotoxin (BoNT) yang mematikan. Terdapat 3 jenis botulisme, yaitu botulisme keracunan makanan, inhalasi, dan luka. Meskipun kejadian jarang, namun harus diwaspadai cukup fatal. Sebagian besar kasus pada manusia disebabkan oleh makanan kaleng dipersiapkan di rumah. Isolasi identifikasi dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan ...

Bacterial spores are in cryptobiosis during the dormant period, which can change vegetative cells upon exposure to favorable conditions and eventually cause serious illness through ingestion of spore-contaminated food (Leuschner et al., 1999; Reissbrodt et al., 2002; Roszak and Colwell, 1987). The most common spore-forming bacteria causing foodborne disease are aerobic Bacillus spp. and anaerob...