Bumb and Hoede have shown that a cooperative game can be split into two games, the reward game and the fine game, by considering the sign of quantities cS in the c-diagram of the game. One can then define a solution x for the original game as x = xr − xf , where xr is a solution for the reward game and xf is a solution for the fine game. Due to the distinction of cooperation rewards and fines, ...
