BACKGROUND Chronic hemodialysis patients are at higher risk for acquiring hepatitis C virus (HCV). The prevalence varies among different countries and hemodialysis centers. Although guidelines for a comprehensive infection control program exist, the nosocomial transmission still accounts for the new cases of infection. The aim of this study was analyze the follow up of newly acquired acute hepa...

The ability of tenofovir to suppress viremia in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques for years despite the presence of virulent viral mutants with reduced in vitro susceptibility is unprecedented in this animal model. In vivo cell depletion experiments demonstrate that tenofovir's ability to suppress viremia during acute and chronic infection is significantly dependent on the p...

T cell dynamics were studied in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients who continued using antiretroviral therapy despite detectable plasma viremia (RNA copies >2500 /mL). CD4(+) cell fractional replacement rates, measured by the deuterated glucose technique, were lower in treated patients with detectable viremia than in untreated patients and were similar to those in patients with unde...

A clinical study of lyophilized intravenous human immunoglobulin containing high-titer cytomegalovirus-neutralizing antibody for the treatment cytomegalovirus viremia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

TO THE EDITOR—We read with interest the article by Campbell et al that described viral loads in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype C infection [1]. These studies show that the C subtype and non-C subtypes do not differ significantly in terms of their viral set points following seroconversion. These observations contradict the findings of Novitsky et al [2], who showed that a su...

Assays of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and antigen expression in HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers with concurrent hepatitis C or D virus (HCV or HDV) infection revealed that HCV and HDV can suppress HBV replication but that HCV also substantially suppresses HBV surface protein expression. HBsAg carriers with concurrent HCV infection thus have low-level viremia and intracellular HBsAg.

INTRODUCTION BKV nephropathy (BKN) causes kidney graft loss, whose specific diagnosis is invasive and might be predicted by the early detection of active viral infection. OBJECTIVE Determine the BKV-infection prevalence in late kidney graft dysfunction by urinary decoy cell (DC) and viral DNA detection in urine (viruria) and blood (viremia; active infection). METHODS Kidney recipients with ...

24 Hepatitis C (HCV) viremia is unusual (<5%) after successful treatment, defined as sustained 25 virologic response (SVR) or undetectable HCV PCR 12-24 weeks after therapy. We present a 26 case of late virologic relapse (de novo infection excluded by RNA sequencing) after SVR 27 followed by spontaneous viral clearance. 28