There is evidence that the first tetraterpene formed in carotenoid biosynthesis is not lycopersene, the C40 analogue of squalene, but phytoene (15,15'-dehydrolycopersene). Davies, Goodwin & Mercer (1961) failed to find lycopersene in any carotenogenic system they examined, and it was suggested that lycopersene plays no part in carotenoid biosynthesis (Davies, 1961, 1962; Goodwin, 1961). Mercer,...

The role of three major Ras downstream effector pathways in the induction of mammary cancer was studied using an in situ mammary ductal gene delivery model. Replication-defective retroviral vectors were used to infect endogenous rat mammary epithelial cells with three individual Ras effector loop mutants, each of which transduces its signal through a different Ras effector pathway (Raf, PI3K or...

A multidisciplinary approach to urban regeneration is crucial when the project of suburban areas provides a functional program that includes combination technological, environmental, and social innovation. The Reinventing Cities C40 design contest represents an opportunity for designers deal with crossing topics innovation, sustainability, circular economy. proposals focus on specific needs, ra...

Although mineral oils are generally considered nontoxic and have a long history of use in humans, the mineral oil Bayol F (incomplete Freund's adjuvant, IFA) and certain mineral oil components (squalene and n-hexadecane) induce lupus-related anti-nRNP/Sm or -Su autoantibodies in nonautoimmune mice. In the present study, we investigated whether medicinal mineral oils can induce other types of au...