The current pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study attempts, firstly, to probe the effects of teaching formulaic sequences (FSs) on the second or foreign language (L2)  learners' oral proficiency improvement and secondly, to examine whether teaching FSs through different resources (i.e. animation vs. text-based readings) have any differentially influential effects in augmenting L2  l...

New techniques for superscalar instruction issuing are presented. It is shown that the data dependency check for both in-order and out-of-order issuing can be performed in O(logw) gate delay using O(w2) primitive gates, where w is the size of the instruction buffer. Furthermore, we present a new counting based technique for assigning instructions to resources. It requires a delay of O(logw+logm...

Cellular automata (CA for short) proposed by J. von Neumann and S. Ulam in the middle of 1960's are dynamical systems where time, space and states of sites are all discrete. They consist of a d-dimensional array of identical automata (cells), each of which has one of the nite states and changes its state according to the state-transition rule sets mapping from states of its neighbor cells (usua...

Machine Learning (ML) is traditionally formalized as the study of learning concepts from labeled examples. We are interested in providing a way for a human teacher to interact with a learner using natural instructions, thus allowing the teacher to communicate the relevant domain expertise to the learner without necessarily knowing anything about the internal representations used for learning. W...

The application of zone of proximal development (ZPD), as a major tenet of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory (SCT, 1978), has recently been invited in the L2 learning/teaching profession. This study mainly examined whether Iranian EFL learners’ interactions in diverse ZPD-activated proximal contexts through the use of storytelling instruction could improve their oral (speaking) proficiency and at...