OBJECTIVE Hyperprolactinemia is associated with bone fragility. Traditionally attributed to prolactin-induced hypogonadism, recent studies have identified increased fracture rates independent of gonadal function. METHODS We performed a systematic review to identify studies assessing fracture risk in patients with untreated hyperprolactinemia compared to those on dopamine agonists. MEDLINE, EM...

Prolactinomas are the most prevalent functional benign pituitary tumors due to a pituitary micro- or macroadenoma. The majority of patients presents with infertility and gonadal dysfunction. A dopamine agonist (DA) (bromocriptine or cabergoline) is the treatment of choice that can normalize prolactin levels, reduce tumor size, and restore ovulation and fertility. Cabergoline generally preferred...

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a disorder characterized by the triad of café-au-lait skin pigmentation, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone, and hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies, including GH excess. The molecular etiology of the disease is postzygotic activating mutations of the GNAS1 gene product, G(s)alpha. The term gsp oncogene has been assigned to these mutations due to their associa...

Abrupt and gradual dry-off strategies by reducing feeding level (normal vs. reduced energy density), milking frequency (twice once daily), administration of a dopamine agonist after last (i.m. saline cabergoline injection) were investigated (2 × 2 factorial arrangement) for their effects on feed intake, milk yield, balance, leakage, clinical udder characteristics in 119 Holstein cows. In the we...

A 43-year-old male trisomic patient was referred for acute left headache and progressive homolateral mydriasis and ptosis. Computed tomography and T2-magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a 4 cm invasive pituitary adenoma (Panels A and C, respectively). Blood analyses revealed hyperprolactinemia (5460 ng/ml, normal values < 15 ng/ml) and severe gonadotrophic insuffi ciency. Treatment was clas...

Giant prolactinoma is a rare subset of macroadenomas. Limited studies demonstrated which therapy could be successfully used in the first-line therapy of giant prolactinoma. We presented a case with a 54 × 40 × 40 mm pituitary adenoma and optic chiasmatic compression with left sphenoid sinus invasion. The tumor caused a loss of visual field of the right side. Cabergoline treatment was started wi...

Hypercortisolism induced by Cushing disease causes high morbidity and mortality. The treatment of choice is pituitary surgery, but it often fails to achieve cure, and other treatment modalities (radiotherapy, bilateral adrenalectomy) may therefore be required. If these treatments are not effective or while waiting for their results, hypercortisolism should be controlled with drugs. The classica...

Many drugs may cause toxic injury to the lungs and the pleura. Cabergoline is an ergoline derivative which has been used in Spain for seven years to control symptoms of Parkinson's disease. We report a patient with dyspnea, bilateral pleural effusion and distal swelling. After a series of complementary tests (blood analysis, chest CT, echocardiogram, pleural tap, pleural biopsy), etiological sc...